Muhash parallel reduce -- optimize U3072 mul when LHS = one (#581)

* semantic: add `from` ext methods

* muhash from txs benchmark

* optimization: in u3072 mul test if lhs is one

* extract `parallelism_in_power_steps`

* comment

consensus/Cargo.toml

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ kaspa-txscript-errors.workspace = true
 kaspa-addresses.workspace = true
 
 [[bench]]
-name = "hash_benchmarks"
+name = "parallel_muhash"
 harness = false
 
 [[bench]]

consensus/benches/check_scripts.rs

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ use kaspa_consensus_core::subnets::SubnetworkId;
 use kaspa_consensus_core::tx::{MutableTransaction, Transaction, TransactionInput, TransactionOutpoint, UtxoEntry};
 use kaspa_txscript::caches::Cache;
 use kaspa_txscript::pay_to_address_script;
+use kaspa_utils::iter::parallelism_in_power_steps;
 use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
 use secp256k1::Keypair;
-use std::thread::available_parallelism;
 
 // You may need to add more detailed mocks depending on your actual code.
 fn mock_tx(inputs_count: usize, non_uniq_signatures: usize) -> (Transaction, Vec<UtxoEntry>) {
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ fn benchmark_check_scripts(c: &mut Criterion) {
             });
 
             // Iterate powers of two up to available parallelism
-            for i in (1..=(available_parallelism().unwrap().get() as f64).log2().ceil() as u32).map(|x| 2u32.pow(x) as usize) {
+            for i in parallelism_in_power_steps() {
                 if inputs_count >= i {
                     group.bench_function(format!("rayon, custom thread pool, thread count {i}"), |b| {
                         let tx = MutableTransaction::with_entries(tx.clone(), utxos.clone());

consensus/benches/parallel_muhash.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+use criterion::{black_box, criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion};
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use kaspa_consensus_core::{
+    muhash::MuHashExtensions,
+    subnets::SUBNETWORK_ID_NATIVE,
+    tx::{ScriptPublicKey, SignableTransaction, Transaction, TransactionInput, TransactionOutpoint, TransactionOutput, UtxoEntry},
+};
+use kaspa_hashes::TransactionID;
+use kaspa_muhash::MuHash;
+use kaspa_utils::iter::parallelism_in_power_steps;
+use rayon::prelude::*;
+
+fn generate_transaction(ins: usize, outs: usize, randomness: u64) -> SignableTransaction {
+    let mut tx = Transaction::new(0, vec![], vec![], 0, SUBNETWORK_ID_NATIVE, 0, vec![]);
+    let mut entries = vec![];
+    for i in 0..ins {
+        let mut hasher = TransactionID::new();
+        hasher.write(i.to_le_bytes());
+        hasher.write(randomness.to_le_bytes());
+        let input = TransactionInput::new(TransactionOutpoint::new(hasher.finalize(), 0), vec![10; 66], 0, 1);
+        let entry = UtxoEntry::new(22222222, ScriptPublicKey::from_vec(0, vec![99; 34]), 23456, false);
+        tx.inputs.push(input);
+        entries.push(entry);
+    }
+    for _ in 0..outs {
+        let output = TransactionOutput::new(23456, ScriptPublicKey::from_vec(0, vec![101; 34]));
+        tx.outputs.push(output);
+    }
+    tx.finalize();
+    SignableTransaction::with_entries(tx, entries)
+}
+
+pub fn parallel_muhash_benchmark(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("muhash txs");
+    let txs = (0..256).map(|i| generate_transaction(2, 2, i)).collect_vec();
+    group.bench_function("seq", |b| {
+        b.iter(|| {
+            let mut mh = MuHash::new();
+            for tx in txs.iter() {
+                mh.add_transaction(&tx.as_verifiable(), 222);
+            }
+            black_box(mh)
+        })
+    });
+
+    for threads in parallelism_in_power_steps() {
+        group.bench_function(format!("par {threads}"), |b| {
+            let pool = rayon::ThreadPoolBuilder::new().num_threads(threads).build().unwrap();
+            b.iter(|| {
+                pool.install(|| {
+                    let mh =
+                        txs.par_iter().map(|tx| MuHash::from_transaction(&tx.as_verifiable(), 222)).reduce(MuHash::new, |mut a, b| {
+                            a.combine(&b);
+                            a
+                        });
+                    black_box(mh)
+                })
+            })
+        });
+    }
+
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+criterion_group!(benches, parallel_muhash_benchmark);
+criterion_main!(benches);

consensus/core/src/muhash.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ use kaspa_muhash::MuHash;
 pub trait MuHashExtensions {
     fn add_transaction(&mut self, tx: &impl VerifiableTransaction, block_daa_score: u64);
     fn add_utxo(&mut self, outpoint: &TransactionOutpoint, entry: &UtxoEntry);
+    fn from_transaction(tx: &impl VerifiableTransaction, block_daa_score: u64) -> Self;
+    fn from_utxo(outpoint: &TransactionOutpoint, entry: &UtxoEntry) -> Self;
 }
 
 impl MuHashExtensions for MuHash {
@@ -30,6 +32,18 @@ impl MuHashExtensions for MuHash {
         write_utxo(&mut writer, entry, outpoint);
         writer.finalize();
     }
+
+    fn from_transaction(tx: &impl VerifiableTransaction, block_daa_score: u64) -> Self {
+        let mut mh = Self::new();
+        mh.add_transaction(tx, block_daa_score);
+        mh
+    }
+
+    fn from_utxo(outpoint: &TransactionOutpoint, entry: &UtxoEntry) -> Self {
+        let mut mh = Self::new();
+        mh.add_utxo(outpoint, entry);
+        mh
+    }
 }
 
 fn write_utxo(writer: &mut impl HasherBase, entry: &UtxoEntry, outpoint: &TransactionOutpoint) {

consensus/src/consensus/mod.rs

@@ -774,14 +774,8 @@ impl ConsensusApi for Consensus {
         pruning_utxoset_write.utxo_set.write_many(utxoset_chunk).unwrap();
 
         // Parallelize processing
-        let inner_multiset = utxoset_chunk
-            .par_iter()
-            .map(|(outpoint, entry)| {
-                let mut inner_multiset = MuHash::new();
-                inner_multiset.add_utxo(outpoint, entry);
-                inner_multiset
-            })
-            .reduce(MuHash::new, |mut a, b| {
+        let inner_multiset =
+            utxoset_chunk.par_iter().map(|(outpoint, entry)| MuHash::from_utxo(outpoint, entry)).reduce(MuHash::new, |mut a, b| {
                 a.combine(&b);
                 a
             });

consensus/src/pipeline/virtual_processor/utxo_validation.rs

@@ -248,8 +248,7 @@ impl VirtualStateProcessor {
                 .enumerate()
                 .skip(1) // Skip the coinbase tx.
                 .filter_map(|(i, tx)| self.validate_transaction_in_utxo_context(tx, &utxo_view, pov_daa_score, flags).ok().map(|vtx| {
-                    let mut mh = MuHash::new();
-                    mh.add_transaction(&vtx, pov_daa_score);
+                    let mh = MuHash::from_transaction(&vtx, pov_daa_score);
                     (smallvec![(vtx, i as u32)], mh)
                 }
                 ))

crypto/muhash/src/u3072.rs

@@ -88,6 +88,16 @@ impl U3072 {
     }
 
     fn mul(&mut self, other: &U3072) {
+        /*
+           Optimization: short-circuit when LHS is one
+               - This case is especially frequent during parallel reduce operation where the identity (one) is used for each sub-computation (at the LHS)
+               - If self ≠ one, the comparison should exit early, otherwise if they are equal -- we gain much more than we lose
+               - Benchmarks show that general performance remains the same while parallel reduction gains ~35%
+        */
+        if *self == Self::one() {
+            *self = *other;
+            return;
+        }
         let (mut carry_low, mut carry_high, mut carry_highest) = (0, 0, 0);
         let mut tmp = Self::one();
 

utils/src/iter.rs

@@ -48,3 +48,9 @@ where
         self.inner.clone().fmt(f)
     }
 }
+
+/// Returns an iterator over powers of two up to (the rounded up) available parallelism: `2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(available_parallelism.log2().ceil())`,
+/// i.e., for `std::thread::available_parallelism = 15` the function will return `2, 4, 8, 16`
+pub fn parallelism_in_power_steps() -> impl Iterator<Item = usize> {
+    (1..=(std::thread::available_parallelism().unwrap().get() as f64).log2().ceil() as u32).map(|x| 2usize.pow(x))
+}