Add deque for JavaScript and typescript (#267)

* add deque in javascript and typescript

* update the variables name

* update the time complexity

* Directly operating on the Array

* fix the ts file

* update the method complexity

* update the js file

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Co-authored-by: steak-zhuo <zhuoqinyue@gmail.com>

codes/javascript/chapter_stack_and_queue/deque.js

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/**
+ * File: deque.js
+ * Created Time: 2023-01-17
+ * Author: Zhuo Qinyue (1403450829@qq.com)
+ */
+
+/* 初始化双向队列 */
+/* JavaScript 没有内置的双端队列，可以把 Array 当作双端队列来使用 */
+const deque = [];
+
+/* 元素入队 */
+deque.push(2);
+deque.push(5);
+deque.push(4);
+/* unshift() 方法的时间复杂度为 O(n) */
+deque.unshift(3);
+deque.unshift(1);
+console.log("双向队列 deque = ", deque);
+
+/* 访问元素 */
+const peekFirst = deque[0];
+console.log("队首元素 peekFirst = " + peekFirst);
+const peekLast = deque[deque.length - 1];
+console.log("队尾元素 peekLast = " + peekLast);
+
+/* 元素出队 */
+/* shift() 方法的时间复杂度为 O(n) */
+const popFront = deque.shift();
+console.log("队首出队元素 popFront = " + popFront + "，队首出队后 deque = " + deque);
+const popBack = deque.pop();
+console.log("队尾出队元素 popBack = " + popBack + "，队尾出队后 deque = " + deque);
+
+/* 获取双向队列的长度 */
+const size = deque.length;
+console.log("双向队列长度 size = " + size);
+
+/* 判断双向队列是否为空 */
+const isEmpty = size === 0;
+console.log("双向队列是否为空 = " + isEmpty);

codes/typescript/chapter_stack_and_queue/deque.ts

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+/**
+ * File: deque.ts
+ * Created Time: 2023-01-17
+ * Author: Zhuo Qinyue (1403450829@qq.com)
+ */
+
+/* 初始化双向队列 */
+/* JavaScript 没有内置的双端队列，可以把 Array 当作双端队列来使用 */
+const deque: number[] = [];
+
+/* 元素入队 */
+deque.push(2);
+deque.push(5);
+deque.push(4);
+/* unshift() 方法的时间复杂度为 O(n) */
+deque.unshift(3);
+deque.unshift(1);
+console.log("双向队列 deque = ", deque);
+
+/* 访问元素 */
+const peekFirst: number = deque[0];
+console.log("队首元素 peekFirst = " + peekFirst);
+const peekLast: number = deque[deque.length - 1];
+console.log("队尾元素 peekLast = " + peekLast);
+
+/* 元素出队 */
+/* shift() 方法的时间复杂度为 O(n) */
+const popFront: number = deque.shift() as number;
+console.log("队首出队元素 popFront = " + popFront + "，队首出队后 deque = " + deque);
+const popBack: number = deque.pop() as number;
+console.log("队尾出队元素 popBack = " + popBack + "，队尾出队后 deque = " + deque);
+
+/* 获取双向队列的长度 */
+const size: number = deque.length;
+console.log("双向队列长度 size = " + size);
+
+/* 判断双向队列是否为空 */
+const isEmpty: boolean = size === 0;
+console.log("双向队列是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
+
+export {};