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feat: add dart code for chapter_stack_and_queue and chapter_hashing (#…
…445) * feat: add dart code for chapter stack and queue * feat: add dart code for chapter_hashing * Update array_hash_map.dart
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/** | ||
* File: array_hash_map.dart | ||
* Created Time: 2023-03-29 | ||
* Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com) | ||
*/ | ||
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/* 键值对 int -> String */ | ||
class Entry { | ||
int key; | ||
String val; | ||
Entry(this.key, this.val); | ||
} | ||
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/* 基于数组简易实现的哈希表 */ | ||
class ArrayHashMap { | ||
late List<Entry?> _buckets; | ||
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ArrayHashMap() { | ||
// 初始化数组,包含 100 个桶 | ||
_buckets = List.filled(100, null); | ||
} | ||
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/* 哈希函数 */ | ||
int _hashFunc(int key) { | ||
final int index = key % 100; | ||
return index; | ||
} | ||
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/* 查询操作 */ | ||
String? get(int key) { | ||
final int index = _hashFunc(key); | ||
final Entry? pair = _buckets[index]; | ||
if (pair == null) { | ||
return null; | ||
} | ||
return pair.val; | ||
} | ||
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/* 添加操作 */ | ||
void put(int key, String val) { | ||
final Entry pair = Entry(key, val); | ||
final int index = _hashFunc(key); | ||
_buckets[index] = pair; | ||
} | ||
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/* 删除操作 */ | ||
void remove(int key) { | ||
final int index = _hashFunc(key); | ||
_buckets[index] = null; | ||
} | ||
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/* 获取所有键值对 */ | ||
List<Entry> entrySet() { | ||
List<Entry> entrySet = []; | ||
for (final Entry? pair in _buckets) { | ||
if (pair != null) { | ||
entrySet.add(pair); | ||
} | ||
} | ||
return entrySet; | ||
} | ||
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/* 获取所有键 */ | ||
List<int> keySet() { | ||
List<int> keySet = []; | ||
for (final Entry? pair in _buckets) { | ||
if (pair != null) { | ||
keySet.add(pair.key); | ||
} | ||
} | ||
return keySet; | ||
} | ||
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/* 获取所有值 */ | ||
List<String> values() { | ||
List<String> valueSet = []; | ||
for (final Entry? pair in _buckets) { | ||
if (pair != null) { | ||
valueSet.add(pair.val); | ||
} | ||
} | ||
return valueSet; | ||
} | ||
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/* 打印哈希表 */ | ||
void printHashMap() { | ||
for (final Entry kv in entrySet()) { | ||
print("${kv.key} -> ${kv.val}"); | ||
} | ||
} | ||
} | ||
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/* Driver Code */ | ||
void main() { | ||
/* 初始化哈希表 */ | ||
final ArrayHashMap map = ArrayHashMap(); | ||
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/* 添加操作 */ | ||
// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value) | ||
map.put(12836, "小哈"); | ||
map.put(15937, "小啰"); | ||
map.put(16750, "小算"); | ||
map.put(13276, "小法"); | ||
map.put(10583, "小鸭"); | ||
print("\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value"); | ||
map.printHashMap(); | ||
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/* 查询操作 */ | ||
// 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 value | ||
String? name = map.get(15937); | ||
print("\n输入学号 15937 ,查询到姓名 $name"); | ||
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/* 删除操作 */ | ||
// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value) | ||
map.remove(10583); | ||
print("\n删除 10583 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value"); | ||
map.printHashMap(); | ||
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/* 遍历哈希表 */ | ||
print("\n遍历键值对 Key->Value"); | ||
map.entrySet().forEach((kv) => print("${kv.key} -> ${kv.val}")); | ||
print("\n单独遍历键 Key"); | ||
map.keySet().forEach((key) => print("$key")); | ||
print("\n单独遍历值 Value"); | ||
map.values().forEach((val) => print("$val")); | ||
} |
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/** | ||
* File: hash_map.dart | ||
* Created Time: 2023-03-29 | ||
* Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com) | ||
*/ | ||
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/* Driver Code */ | ||
void main() { | ||
/* 初始化哈希表 */ | ||
final Map<int, String> map = {}; | ||
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/* 添加操作 */ | ||
// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value) | ||
map[12836] = "小哈"; | ||
map[15937] = "小啰"; | ||
map[16750] = "小算"; | ||
map[13276] = "小法"; | ||
map[10583] = "小鸭"; | ||
print("\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value"); | ||
map.forEach((key, value) => print("$key -> $value")); | ||
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/* 查询操作 */ | ||
// 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 value | ||
final String? name = map[15937]; | ||
print("\n输入学号 15937 ,查询到姓名 $name"); | ||
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/* 删除操作 */ | ||
// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value) | ||
map.remove(10583); | ||
print("\n删除 10583 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value"); | ||
map.forEach((key, value) => print("$key -> $value")); | ||
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/* 遍历哈希表 */ | ||
print("\n遍历键值对 Key->Value"); | ||
map.forEach((key, value) => print("$key -> $value")); | ||
print("\n单独遍历键 Key"); | ||
map.forEach((key, value) => print("$key")); | ||
print("\n单独遍历值 Value"); | ||
map.forEach((key, value) => print("$value")); | ||
} |
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/** | ||
* File: array_deque.dart | ||
* Created Time: 2023-03-28 | ||
* Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com) | ||
*/ | ||
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/* 基于环形数组实现的双向队列 */ | ||
class ArrayDeque { | ||
late List<int> _nums; // 用于存储双向队列元素的数组 | ||
late int _front; // 队首指针,指向队首元素 | ||
late int _queSize; // 双向队列长度 | ||
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/* 构造方法 */ | ||
ArrayDeque(int capacity) { | ||
this._nums = List.filled(capacity, 0); | ||
this._front = this._queSize = 0; | ||
} | ||
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/* 获取双向队列的容量 */ | ||
int capacity() { | ||
return _nums.length; | ||
} | ||
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/* 获取双向队列的长度 */ | ||
int size() { | ||
return _queSize; | ||
} | ||
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/* 判断双向队列是否为空 */ | ||
bool isEmpty() { | ||
return _queSize == 0; | ||
} | ||
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/* 计算环形数组索引 */ | ||
int index(int i) { | ||
// 通过取余操作实现数组首尾相连 | ||
// 当 i 越过数组尾部后,回到头部 | ||
// 当 i 越过数组头部后,回到尾部 | ||
return (i + capacity()) % capacity(); | ||
} | ||
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/* 队首入队 */ | ||
void pushFirst(int num) { | ||
if (_queSize == capacity()) { | ||
throw Exception("双向队列已满"); | ||
} | ||
// 队首指针向左移动一位 | ||
// 通过取余操作,实现 _front 越过数组头部后回到尾部 | ||
_front = index(_front - 1); | ||
// 将 num 添加至队首 | ||
_nums[_front] = num; | ||
_queSize++; | ||
} | ||
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/* 队尾入队 */ | ||
void pushLast(int num) { | ||
if (_queSize == capacity()) { | ||
throw Exception("双向队列已满"); | ||
} | ||
// 计算尾指针,指向队尾索引 + 1 | ||
int rear = index(_front + _queSize); | ||
// 将 num 添加至队尾 | ||
_nums[rear] = num; | ||
_queSize++; | ||
} | ||
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/* 队首出队 */ | ||
int popFirst() { | ||
int num = peekFirst(); | ||
// 队首指针向右移动一位 | ||
_front = index(_front + 1); | ||
_queSize--; | ||
return num; | ||
} | ||
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/* 队尾出队 */ | ||
int popLast() { | ||
int num = peekLast(); | ||
_queSize--; | ||
return num; | ||
} | ||
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/* 访问队首元素 */ | ||
int peekFirst() { | ||
if (isEmpty()) { | ||
throw Exception("双向队列为空"); | ||
} | ||
return _nums[_front]; | ||
} | ||
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/* 访问队尾元素 */ | ||
int peekLast() { | ||
if (isEmpty()) { | ||
throw Exception("双向队列为空"); | ||
} | ||
// 计算尾元素索引 | ||
int last = index(_front + _queSize - 1); | ||
return _nums[last]; | ||
} | ||
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/* 返回数组用于打印 */ | ||
List<int> toArray() { | ||
// 仅转换有效长度范围内的列表元素 | ||
List<int> res = List.filled(_queSize, 0); | ||
for (int i = 0, j = _front; i < _queSize; i++, j++) { | ||
res[i] = _nums[index(j)]; | ||
} | ||
return res; | ||
} | ||
} | ||
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/* Driver Code */ | ||
void main() { | ||
/* 初始化双向队列 */ | ||
final ArrayDeque deque = ArrayDeque(10); | ||
deque.pushLast(3); | ||
deque.pushLast(2); | ||
deque.pushLast(5); | ||
print("双向队列 deque = ${deque.toArray()}"); | ||
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/* 访问元素 */ | ||
final int peekFirst = deque.peekFirst(); | ||
print("队首元素 peekFirst = $peekFirst"); | ||
final int peekLast = deque.peekLast(); | ||
print("队尾元素 peekLast = $peekLast"); | ||
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/* 元素入队 */ | ||
deque.pushLast(4); | ||
print("元素 4 队尾入队后 deque = ${deque.toArray()}"); | ||
deque.pushFirst(1); | ||
print("元素 1 队首入队后 deque = ${deque.toArray()}"); | ||
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/* 元素出队 */ | ||
final int popLast = deque.popLast(); | ||
print("队尾出队元素 = $popLast,队尾出队后 deque = ${deque.toArray()}"); | ||
final int popFirst = deque.popFirst(); | ||
print("队首出队元素 = $popFirst,队首出队后 deque = ${deque.toArray()}"); | ||
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/* 获取双向队列的长度 */ | ||
final int size = deque.size(); | ||
print("双向队列的长度 size = $size"); | ||
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/* 判断双向队列是否为空 */ | ||
final bool isEmpty = deque.isEmpty(); | ||
print("双向队列是否为空 = $isEmpty"); | ||
} |
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