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feat: add ruby code - chapter "divide and conquer" (#1361)
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codes/ruby/chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur.rb
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=begin | ||
File: binary_search_recur.rb | ||
Created Time: 2024-05-13 | ||
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com) | ||
=end | ||
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### 二分查找:问题 f(i, j) ### | ||
def dfs(nums, target, i, j) | ||
# 若区间为空,代表无目标元素,则返回 -1 | ||
return -1 if i > j | ||
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# 计算中点索引 m | ||
m = (i + j) / 2 | ||
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if nums[m] < target | ||
# 递归子问题 f(m+1, j) | ||
return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j) | ||
elsif nums[m] > target | ||
# 递归子问题 f(i, m-1) | ||
return dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1) | ||
else | ||
# 找到目标元素,返回其索引 | ||
return m | ||
end | ||
end | ||
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### 二分查找 ### | ||
def binary_search(nums, target) | ||
n = nums.length | ||
# 求解问题 f(0, n-1) | ||
dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1) | ||
end | ||
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### Driver Code ### | ||
if __FILE__ == $0 | ||
target = 6 | ||
nums = [1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 15, 23, 26, 31, 35] | ||
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# 二分查找(双闭区间) | ||
index = binary_search(nums, target) | ||
puts "目标元素 6 的索引 = #{index}" | ||
end |
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=begin | ||
File: build_tree.rb | ||
Created Time: 2024-05-13 | ||
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com) | ||
=end | ||
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require_relative '../utils/tree_node' | ||
require_relative '../utils/print_util' | ||
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### 构建二叉树:分治 ### | ||
def dfs(preorder, inorder_map, i, l, r) | ||
# 子树区间为空时终止 | ||
return if r - l < 0 | ||
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# 初始化根节点 | ||
root = TreeNode.new(preorder[i]) | ||
# 查询 m ,从而划分左右子树 | ||
m = inorder_map[preorder[i]] | ||
# 子问题:构建左子树 | ||
root.left = dfs(preorder, inorder_map, i + 1, l, m - 1) | ||
# 子问题:构建右子树 | ||
root.right = dfs(preorder, inorder_map, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r) | ||
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# 返回根节点 | ||
root | ||
end | ||
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### 构建二叉树 ### | ||
def build_tree(preorder, inorder) | ||
# 初始化哈希表,存储 inorder 元素到索引的映射 | ||
inorder_map = {} | ||
inorder.each_with_index { |val, i| inorder_map[val] = i } | ||
dfs(preorder, inorder_map, 0, 0, inorder.length - 1) | ||
end | ||
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### Driver Code ### | ||
if __FILE__ == $0 | ||
preorder = [3, 9, 2, 1, 7] | ||
inorder = [9, 3, 1, 2, 7] | ||
puts "前序遍历 = #{preorder}" | ||
puts "中序遍历 = #{inorder}" | ||
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root = build_tree(preorder, inorder) | ||
puts "构建的二叉树为:" | ||
print_tree(root) | ||
end |
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=begin | ||
File: hanota.rb | ||
Created Time: 2024-05-13 | ||
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com) | ||
=end | ||
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### 移动一个圆盘 ### | ||
def move(src, tar) | ||
# 从 src 顶部拿出一个圆盘 | ||
pan = src.pop | ||
# 将圆盘放入 tar 顶部 | ||
tar << pan | ||
end | ||
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### 求解汉诺塔问题 f(i) ### | ||
def dfs(i, src, buf, tar) | ||
# 若 src 只剩下一个圆盘,则直接将其移到 tar | ||
if i == 1 | ||
move(src, tar) | ||
return | ||
end | ||
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# 子问题 f(i-1) :将 src 顶部 i-1 个圆盘借助 tar 移到 buf | ||
dfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf) | ||
# 子问题 f(1) :将 src 剩余一个圆盘移到 tar | ||
move(src, tar) | ||
# 子问题 f(i-1) :将 buf 顶部 i-1 个圆盘借助 src 移到 tar | ||
dfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar) | ||
end | ||
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### 求解汉诺塔问题 ### | ||
def solve_hanota(_A, _B, _C) | ||
n = _A.length | ||
# 将 A 顶部 n 个圆盘借助 B 移到 C | ||
dfs(n, _A, _B, _C) | ||
end | ||
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### Driver Code ### | ||
if __FILE__ == $0 | ||
# 列表尾部是柱子顶部 | ||
A = [5, 4, 3, 2, 1] | ||
B = [] | ||
C = [] | ||
puts "初始状态下:" | ||
puts "A = #{A}" | ||
puts "B = #{B}" | ||
puts "C = #{C}" | ||
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solve_hanota(A, B, C) | ||
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puts "圆盘移动完成后:" | ||
puts "A = #{A}" | ||
puts "B = #{B}" | ||
puts "C = #{C}" | ||
end |