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add js codes to avl_tree.js #323

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213 changes: 213 additions & 0 deletions codes/javascript/chapter_tree/avl_tree.js
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
/**
* File: avl_tree.cpp
* Created Time: 2023-02-05
* Author: what-is-me (whatisme@outlook.jp)
*/

let { TreeNode } = require("../include/TreeNode");
let { printTree } = require("../include/PrintUtil");

/* AVL 树*/
class AVLTree {
/*构造函数*/
constructor() {
this.root = null; //根节点
}

/* 获取结点高度 */
height(node) {
// 空结点高度为 -1 ,叶结点高度为 0
return node === null ? -1 : node.height;
}

/* 更新结点高度 */
updateHeight(node) {
// 结点高度等于最高子树高度 + 1
node.height = Math.max(this.height(node.left), this.height(node.right)) + 1;
}

/* 获取平衡因子 */
balanceFactor(node) {
// 空结点平衡因子为 0
if (node === null) return 0;
// 结点平衡因子 = 左子树高度 - 右子树高度
return this.height(node.left) - this.height(node.right);
}

/* 右旋操作 */
rightRotate(node) {
let child = node.left;
let grandChild = child.right;
// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向右旋转
child.right = node;
node.left = grandChild;
// 更新结点高度
this.updateHeight(node);
this.updateHeight(child);
// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
return child;
}

/* 左旋操作 */
leftRotate(node) {
let child = node.right;
let grandChild = child.left;
// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向左旋转
child.left = node;
node.right = grandChild;
// 更新结点高度
this.updateHeight(node);
this.updateHeight(child);
// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
return child;
}

/* 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
rotate(node) {
// 获取结点 node 的平衡因子
let balanceFactor = this.balanceFactor(node);
// 左偏树
if (balanceFactor > 1) {
if (this.balanceFactor(node.left) >= 0) {
// 右旋
return this.rightRotate(node);
} else {
// 先左旋后右旋
node.left = this.leftRotate(node.left);
return this.rightRotate(node);
}
}
// 右偏树
if (balanceFactor < -1) {
if (this.balanceFactor(node.right) <= 0) {
// 左旋
return this.leftRotate(node);
} else {
// 先右旋后左旋
node.right = this.rightRotate(node.right);
return this.leftRotate(node);
}
}
// 平衡树,无需旋转,直接返回
return node;
}

/* 插入结点 */
insert(val) {
this.root = this.insertHelper(this.root, val);
return this.root;
}

/* 递归插入结点(辅助函数) */
insertHelper(node, val) {
if (node === null) return new TreeNode(val);
/* 1. 查找插入位置,并插入结点 */
if (val < node.val) node.left = this.insertHelper(node.left, val);
else if (val > node.val) node.right = this.insertHelper(node.right, val);
else return node; // 重复结点不插入,直接返回
this.updateHeight(node); // 更新结点高度
/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
node = this.rotate(node);
// 返回子树的根节点
return node;
}

/* 删除结点 */
remove(val) {
this.root = this.removeHelper(this.root, val);
return this.root;
}

/* 递归删除结点(辅助函数) */
removeHelper(node, val) {
if (node === null) return null;
/* 1. 查找结点,并删除之 */
if (val < node.val) node.left = this.removeHelper(node.left, val);
else if (val > node.val) node.right = this.removeHelper(node.right, val);
else {
if (node.left === null || node.right === null) {
let child = node.left !== null ? node.left : node.right;
// 子结点数量 = 0 ,直接删除 node 并返回
if (child === null) return null;
// 子结点数量 = 1 ,直接删除 node
else node = child;
} else {
// 子结点数量 = 2 ,则将中序遍历的下个结点删除,并用该结点替换当前结点
let temp = this.getInOrderNext(node.right);
node.right = this.removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);
node.val = temp.val;
}
}
this.updateHeight(node); // 更新结点高度
/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
node = this.rotate(node);
// 返回子树的根节点
return node;
}

/* 获取中序遍历中的下一个结点(仅适用于 root 有左子结点的情况) */
getInOrderNext(node) {
if (node === null) return node;
// 循环访问左子结点,直到叶结点时为最小结点,跳出
while (node.left !== null) {
node = node.left;
}
return node;
}

/* 查找结点 */
search(val) {
let cur = this.root;
// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
while (cur !== null) {
// 目标结点在 cur 的右子树中
if (cur.val < val) cur = cur.right;
// 目标结点在 cur 的左子树中
else if (cur.val > val) cur = cur.left;
// 找到目标结点,跳出循环
else break;
}
// 返回目标结点
return cur;
}
}

function testInsert(tree, val) {
tree.insert(val);
console.log("\n插入结点 " + val + " 后,AVL 树为");
printTree(tree.root);
}

function testRemove(tree, val) {
tree.remove(val);
console.log("\n删除结点 " + val + " 后,AVL 树为");
printTree(tree.root);
}

/* 初始化空 AVL 树 */
let avlTree = new AVLTree();
/* 插入结点 */
// 请关注插入结点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
testInsert(avlTree, 1);
testInsert(avlTree, 2);
testInsert(avlTree, 3);
testInsert(avlTree, 4);
testInsert(avlTree, 5);
testInsert(avlTree, 8);
testInsert(avlTree, 7);
testInsert(avlTree, 9);
testInsert(avlTree, 10);
testInsert(avlTree, 6);

/* 插入重复结点 */
testInsert(avlTree, 7);

/* 删除结点 */
// 请关注删除结点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
testRemove(avlTree, 8); // 删除度为 0 的结点
testRemove(avlTree, 5); // 删除度为 1 的结点
testRemove(avlTree, 4); // 删除度为 2 的结点

/* 查询结点 */
let node = avlTree.search(7);
console.log("\n查找到的结点对象为 " + node + ",结点值 = " + node.val);
34 changes: 20 additions & 14 deletions codes/javascript/include/TreeNode.js
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -7,23 +7,29 @@
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
*/
function TreeNode(val, left, right) {
this.val = (val === undefined ? 0 : val); // 结点值
this.left = (left === undefined ? null : left); // 左子结点指针
this.right = (right === undefined ? null : right); // 右子结点指针
class TreeNode {
val; // 结点值
left; // 左子结点指针
right; // 右子结点指针
height; //结点高度
constructor(val, left, right, height) {
this.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val;
this.left = left === undefined ? null : left;
this.right = right === undefined ? null : right;
this.height = height === undefined ? 0 : height;
}
}

/**
* Generate a binary tree given an array
* @param arr
* @return
*/
* Generate a binary tree given an array
* @param arr
* @return
*/
function arrToTree(arr) {
if (arr.length === 0)
return null;

if (arr.length === 0) return null;

let root = new TreeNode(arr[0]);
let queue = [root]
let queue = [root];
let i = 0;
while (queue.length) {
let node = queue.shift();
Expand All @@ -42,7 +48,7 @@ function arrToTree(arr) {
return root;
}

module.exports = {
module.exports = {
TreeNode,
arrToTree,
}
};
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