[9.x] Fix Job delay property when dispatched through facade + data_get() closure fix

[bert-w]

Fix for #46568 and an improvement for #46505.

This also includes a helpful improvement for the data_get() global helper, since for PHP 8.0, trying to access properties on a closure (closures are still is_object()) will cause it to error. This PR makes it so that when you now call data_get($closure, 'someProperty'), it will return null (or some other default).

Sadly I couldn't make any tests for the enqueueUsing method to test the correct $delay property, since the method calls a closure further on within the function which is different for each and every Queue driver.

[SjorsO]

Have you tested that this PR? The enqueueUsing method passes down the delay to the callback, but it seems to me like the callback doesn't actually use that argument, so I have a feeling this fix doesn't work.

[taylorotwell]

Thanks for your pull request to Laravel!

Unfortunately, I'm going to delay merging this code for now. To preserve our ability to adequately maintain the framework, we need to be very careful regarding the amount of code we include.

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