Lancet

Chinese README

Lancet is a lightweight AOP framework for Android.

It's fast and just take up a little time during compiling. Also, it supports incremental compiling.

But it provides great api to help you coding in Android.

It takes no runtime jar.

In addition, not only App developers but also SDK developers can use Lancet.

Usage

Installation

Firstly, add following code in root build.gradle of your project.

dependencies {
    classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.3.2'
    classpath 'com.bytedance.tools.lancet:lancet-plugin-asm6:1.0.2'
}

Tips: Lancet 1.0.5 and above only supports gradle 3.3.2 and above.

And then, add following code in your application module's build.gradle

apply plugin: 'me.ele.lancet'

dependencies {
    compileOnly 'me.ele:lancet-base:1.0.6'
}

That's OK.Now you can follow our tutorial to learn how to use it.

Tutorial

Lancet use annotation to indicate where to cut the code and focus on interacting with origin class's methods and fields;

Firstly, let's see a example. Look at the following code:

@Proxy("i")
@TargetClass("android.util.Log")
public static int anyName(String tag, String msg){
    msg = msg + "lancet";
    return (int) Origin.call();
}

There are some key points:

• @TargetClass directly locate the target android.util.Log
• @Proxylocate the method namei
• Origin.call() will be replaced byLog.i() as we explained above
• so the influence is every Log.i's second parametermsg will has a trailing "lancet"

Choose target class

public @interface TargetClass {
    String value();

    Scope scope() default Scope.SELF;
}

public @interface ImplementedInterface {

    String[] value();

    Scope scope() default Scope.SELF;
}

public enum Scope {

    SELF,
    DIRECT,
    ALL,
    LEAF
}

We use the three classes above to locate our targets.

@TargetClass

1. value in @TargetClass should be a full class name.
2. Scope.SELF means the target is the class named by value
3. Scope.DIRECT locate the direct subclasses of value
4. Scope.All indicates the all subclasses of value
5. The Scope.LEAF is a little bit special, it means all leaf subclasses of value.For example: A <- B <- C, B <- D, the leaf children of A are C and D.

@ImplementedInterface

1. value in @ImplementedInterface is a string array filled with full interface names and classes that satisfied all conditions will be chosen.
2. Scope.SELF : all classes implements interfaces literally
3. Scope.DIRECT : all classes implements interfaces or their children interfaces literally
4. Scope.ALL: all classes included in Scope.DIRECT and their childrens
5. Scope.LEAF: all classes in Scope.ALL with no children.

Let's see a illustration.

When we use@ImplementedInterface(value = "I", scope = ...), the targets are:

• Scope.SELF -> A
• Scope.DIRECT -> A C
• Scope.ALL -> A B C D
• Scope.LEAF -> B D

Choose target method

Choose method name

public @interface Insert {
    String value();
    boolean mayCreateSuper() default false;
}

public @interface Proxy {
    String value();
}

public @interface TryCatchHandler {
}

public @interface NameRegex {
    String value();
}

@TryCatchHandler

This annotation is easy.

@TryCatchHandler
@NameRegex("(?!me/ele/).*")
    public static Throwable catches(Throwable t){
        return t;
    }

As the code above, it hook every try catch handle, you can deal with and return. And the control flow will jump to it's origin space.

But with the @NameRegex, something is different.

@NameRegex

@NameRegex is used to restrict hook method by match the class name.Be caution, the dot in class name will be replaced by slash.

String value in @NameRegex will be compiled to pattern. the hook method only works if the pattern matches the class name where appear the cut point.

Such as the above example, every class will be ignored if it's package name start with "me.ele.";

@NameRegex can only be used with @Proxy or @TryCatchHandler.

@Proxy and @Insert

1. Value in @Proxy and @Insert is the target method name.

2. @Proxy means to hook every invoke point of the target method.

3. @Insert means to hook the code inside the method.

4. In another word, if you use @Insert to hook a method, the running code in the target method will be changed.But @Proxy can control the scope by using it combined with @NameRegex.

5. Another different is, classes in Android's ROM can't be touched as compiling time.So we can't use @Insert if we want to change the behavior of ROM's classes, but @Proxy can do it.

@Insert has a special boolean parameter is mayCreateSuper.Let's see a example.

@TargetClass(value = "android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity", scope = Scope.LEAF)
@Insert(value = "onStop", mayCreateSuper = true)
protected void onStop(){
    System.out.println("hello world");
    Origin.callVoid();
}

The goal method of the hook method is every leaf child of AppcompatActivity void onStop().

If a class MyActivity extends AppcompatActivitydo not override the onStop method, we will create a method for MyActivity like this:

protected void onStop() {
    super.onStop();
}

And then hook the method.

If you open the flag, it will always create the method if target class has no matched method no matter it has the super method or doesn't.

And the public/protected/private flag is inherited from above hook method.This is the flag's only use.

Also be care that

Choose method descriptor

The example shown at first also indicates a important rule which is the strict match.The Log.i 's full descriptor is "int Log.i(String, String)", more precisely ""(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)I"".

It means our hook method should have the same method descriptor and static flag with target method.

It doesn't matter if you don't known method descriptor. You can have a look at JVM Specification Chapter 4.3 if interested.

We doesn't care if parameters' generic type are the same or not.In another word, we don't care signature of method, only descriptor.

Also, exceptions declaration is also ignorable.You can write them for convenience.

Any other access flag will be ignored except private/protected/public/static that we said above.

@ClassOf

Sometimes, we can't directly declare a class that we can't touch as parameter of our hook method.

we can use @ClassOf to do this job.

Take a look at the following example:

public class A {
    protected int execute(B b){
        return b.call();
    }

    private class B {

        int call() {
            return 0;
        }
    }
}

@TargetClass("com.dieyidezui.demo.A")
@Insert("execute")
public int hookExecute(@ClassOf("com.dieyidezui.demo.A$B") Object o) {
    System.out.println(o);
    return (int) Origin.call();
}

We use @ClassOfto locate the parameter's actual type.

And the parameter declared in method should be it's super class, such as java.lang.Object;

value in @ClassOf should be in the form of "(package_name.)(outer_class_name$)class_name([]...)", such as:

• java.lang.Object
• java.lang.Integer[][]
• A[]
• A$B

if no @ClassOf, the hook method's descriptor is "(Ljava/lang/Object;)I". But now it is "(Lcom/dieyidezui/demo/A$B;)I".

So the hookExecute method can match A.execute.

API

Till now, we have two classes to use, they are Origin and This.

Origin

Origin is used to call original method. You can invoke its method zero or one more times if you like.

Origin.call/callThrowOne/callThrowTwo/callThrowThree()

This group API is used for call the original method which has return value. You should cast it to original type that the same with hook method descriptor's return type.

Origin.callVoid/callVoidThrowOne/callVoidThrowTwo/callVoidThrowThree()

Similar with above three methods, these methods are used for method without return value.

By the way, the ThrowOne/ThrowTwo/ThrowThree are for deceiving the compiler if you want to catch some exceptions for some convenience.

For example:

@TargetClass("java.io.InputStream")
@Proxy("read")
public int read(byte[] bytes) throws IOException {
    try {
        return (int) Origin.<IOException>callThrowOne();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        throw e;
    }
}

So that on every invoke point of int InputStream.read(byte[]), if IOException happens, we will see its stacktrace.

This

get()

This method is used for none static method to find this object. You can cast it to its actual type.

putField(Object, String) / getField(String)

You can directly get or put a field in the target class even if the field is protected or private!

What's more! If the field name is not exists, we will create it for you!

Auto box and unbox are also supported.

Also, we have some restricts:

• These two methods only are only allowed to use with @Insert till now.
• You can't retrieve it's field of super class. When you try to get or put a field that it's super class has. We still will create the field for you. If the field of super class is private, it's OK. Otherwise, you will get a error at runtime.

For example:

package me.ele;
public class Main {
    private int a = 1;

    public void nothing(){

    }

    public int getA(){
        return a;
    }
}

@TargetClass("me.ele.Main")
@Insert("nothing")
public void testThis() {
    Log.e("debug", This.get().getClass().getName());
    This.putField(3, "a");
    Origin.callVoid();
}

Then we run the following codes:

Main main = new Main();
main.nothing();
Log.e("debug", "a = " + main.getA());

We will see:

E/debug: me.ele.Main
E/debug: a = 3

Tips

1. Inner classes should be named like package.outer_class$inner_class
2. SDK developer needn't to apply plugin, just provided me.ele:lancet-base:x.y.z
3. Although we support incremental compilation. But when you use Scope.LEAF、Scope.ALL or edit the hook class, the incremental judgement will be a little special. It may cause full compilation.

License

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.