[HLSL] Make sure Clang handles uncommon cbuffer constructs per spec

[hekota]

DXC supports a number of uncommon cbuffer declaration uses such as nested cbuffer declarations, static variable declaration, namespaces and function declarations inside cbuffer context. HLSL Language spec will define which of these are allowed or not (microsoft/hlsl-specs#357).

This task tracks the implementation of the 'cbuffer' construct features that are allowed. For those that are not we should report an error.

@tex3d put together an example that these various interesting cases here:
https://godbolt.org/z/E4cdx7xj8

Same shader with FXC:
https://shader-playground.timjones.io/39c0683735c0cd79b5970b5116765940

AC:

• allowed 'cbuffer' uses are implemented in Clang and tested
• errors are reported for disallowed uses

Depends on: microsoft/hlsl-specs#357

Related issues:

• [HLSL] static in cbuffer legality? Might require a test fix. #117715
• [HLSL] DXC and Clang handle cbuffer in namespace differently #124064

[damyanp]

Revisit after llvm/wg-hlsl#41 is completed.