Merge -fdebug-prefix-map fixes (MC,llvm-dwarfdump) into release/15.x

[MaskRay]

For #56609 (@rossburton @kraj )

/cherry-pick b0c4cd3 d561907 5311351 f62e60f 3329cec

[llvmbot]

@llvm/issue-subscribers-debuginfo

[llvmbot]

/branch llvm/llvm-project-release-prs/issue57125

[llvmbot]

/pull-request llvm/llvm-project-release-prs#103

[tru]

/cherry-pick b0c4cd3 d561907 5311351 f62e60f 3329cec d797c2f

[llvmbot]

/branch llvm/llvm-project-release-prs/issue57125