CI: Jenkins risczero setup

[bacv]

1. What does this PR implement?

This PR updates the Docker images used in the Jenkins nightly integration tests. The changes include:

• Switching the Rust base image from Debian 11 (bullseye) to Debian 12 (bookworm).
• Adding risczero and related dependencies to the CI Docker image.
• Installing cargo dependencies as the Jenkins user in the CI environment.
• Updating all Dockerfiles to use Debian 12-based Rust images and ensuring gcc and g++ are installed along with other dependencies.

These changes do not need to comply with the specification as they are strictly CI-related.

2. Does the code have enough context to be clearly understood?

Yes, the PR updates CI-related Dockerfiles and Jenkins configurations to use the latest dependencies and ensures that the build environment is correctly configured to run nightly integration tests. No functional changes to the product itself.

3. Who are the specification authors and who is accountable for this PR?

This PR is related to CI infrastructure and does not follow any product specification. The responsible parties for this PR are Nomos Engineering Team

4. Is the specification accurate and complete?

N/A

5. Does the implementation introduce changes in the specification?

N/A

Checklist

• 1. Description added.
• 2. Context and links to Specification document(s) added (N/A for this PR).
• 3. Main contact(s) (developers and CI maintainers) added.
• 4. Implementation and Specification are 100% in sync including changes (N/A for this PR).
• 5. Link PR to a specific milestone.

[bacv]

cc: @yakimant, the issue with file permissions were related to cargo inside docker, adding you as this might be encountered in other rust project.

[yakimant]

Looks goot, but ci/Jenkinsfile.nightly.integration changes are not clear.

[bacv]

Removed go related variables as there's no longer go dependency.