DM-47328: Add QuantumBackedButler.retrieveArtifacts

[timj]

Checklist

• ran Jenkins
• added a release note for user-visible changes to doc/changes
• (if changing dimensions.yaml) make a copy of dimensions.yaml in configs/old_dimensions

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 89.37%. Comparing base (89d1144) to head (cf9fcf9).
Report is 3 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #1111   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   89.37%   89.37%           
=======================================
  Files         362      362           
  Lines       48301    48312   +11     
  Branches     5872     5872           
=======================================
+ Hits        43168    43179   +11     
  Misses       3718     3718           
  Partials     1415     1415           

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[andy-slac]

Looks great.