Areal data are a rather frequent type of data in many applications of
the environmental and socio-economic sciences, where various aspects are
summarized for particular areas such as administrative territories. Many
of those applications surpass the spatial, temporal or thematic scope of
any single data source, so that data must be harmonised and normalised
across many distinct standards. arealDB has been developed for the
purpose of building a standardised database encompassing all issues that
come with this. In the current, revised version, it makes use of the
ontologics R-package to harmonise the names of territories (from
geometries) and the target variables (from tables). Moreover, it uses
the tabshiftr R-package to reshape disorganised tabular data into a
common format.
- Install the official version from CRAN:
install.packages("arealDB")or the latest development version from github:
devtools::install_github("luckinet/arealDB")- Read the paper for a more scientific background, or study the vignette on the arealDB pipeline.
To study how arealDB works, one can make use of the function
makeExampleDB(), where the full process of building an areal database
can be “simulated” with dummy data. This can be used to train yourself
on a particular step based on a fully valid database up until a certain
stage of the process. For instance, to set up database that has merely
just been started, but doesn’t contain any thematic data or geometries
yet, one would use
makeExampleDB(path = paste0(tempdir(), "/newDB"), until = "start_arealDB").
In principle, arealDB follows a simple process involving three stages:
-
Setup the database (stage 1): To start a new areal database, one needs to specify a gazetteer that contains the valid names of territories and optionally an ontology containing harmonised labels for the concepts in the thematic data.
-
Register data series, geometries and tables (stage 2): A data item that shall be inserted into a database is registered by calling a register function, which records the configuration (to reorganise it internally into a common standard) of the file and meta-data. Just like the thematic data, which are typically in a table, the spatial data (geometries) and the data series are registered in that way.
-
Normalize geometries and tables (stage 3): After registering all relevant data, they are reshaped into a standardized database format. In this process terms of territories and target variables are “translated” according to gazetteer and ontology, spatial data are standardized and validated, thematic data are standardized and matched to spatial data, and the spatial data are matched with the optionally already existing spatial database, for instance if that has been built off the GADM (recommended) or GAUL or other standardized datasets.
This work was supported by funding to Carsten Meyer through the Flexpool mechanism of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) (FZT-118, DFG).