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move routines from main into dedicated modules #1821

Closed
Tracked by #1948
williballenthin opened this issue Oct 19, 2023 · 3 comments · Fixed by #1948
Closed
Tracked by #1948

move routines from main into dedicated modules #1821

williballenthin opened this issue Oct 19, 2023 · 3 comments · Fixed by #1948
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breaking-change introduces a breaking change that should be released in a major version enhancement New feature or request

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@williballenthin
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via #1820:

Furthermore, does it make sense to break out any other logic from main? Here's whats left:

timing
set_vivisect_log_level
has_rule_with_namespace
is_internal_rule
is_file_limitation_rule
has_file_limitation
is_supported_format
is_supported_arch
get_arch
is_supported_os
get_os
get_meta_str
is_running_standalone
get_default_root
get_default_signatures
get_workspace
get_extractor
get_file_extractors
is_nursery_rule_path
collect_rule_file_paths
on_load_rule_default
get_rules
get_signatures
get_sample_analysis
collect_metadata
compute_dynamic_layout
compute_static_layout
compute_layout
install_common_args
handle_common_args
main
ida_main
ghidra_main

I think these things belong in main:

timing
set_vivisect_log_level
is_running_standalone
install_common_args
handle_common_args
main
ida_main
ghidra_main

proposal 1: move to existing capa.rules:

has_rule_with_namespace
is_internal_rule
is_file_limitation_rule
get_meta_str
is_nursery_rule_path
collect_rule_file_paths
on_load_rule_default
get_rules

proposal 2: move to capa.capabilities:

has_file_limitation

proposal 3: move to new module capa.loader:

has_file_limitation
is_supported_format
is_supported_arch
get_arch
is_supported_os
get_os
is_running_standalone
get_default_root
get_default_signatures
get_workspace
get_extractor
get_file_extractors
get_signatures
get_sample_analysis
collect_metadata
compute_dynamic_layout
compute_static_layout
compute_layout

Please brainstorm if these changes make intuitive sense to you. If so, then we can update this PR with the changes, paying particular attention to how the scripts change - we'd want these to become simpler/more readable.

Originally posted by @williballenthin in #1820 (comment)

@williballenthin
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see also #1813 for simplifying the implementation of main

@williballenthin williballenthin added breaking-change introduces a breaking change that should be released in a major version enhancement New feature or request labels Oct 19, 2023
@yelhamer
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for a start, I will move has_file_limitations to the capabilities module in #1820

@yelhamer
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I have also moved is_file_limitation_rule() and is_internal_rule() to the Rule class of the capa.rules module

mike-hunhoff added a commit that referenced this issue Sep 12, 2024
* elf: os: detect Android via clang compiler .ident note

* elf: os: detect Android via dependency on liblog.so

* main: split main into a bunch of "main routines"

[wip] since there are a few references to BinExport2
that are in progress elsewhre. Next commit will remove them.

* features: add BinExport2 declarations

* BinExport2: initial skeleton of feature extraction

* main: remove references to wip BinExport2 code

* changelog

* main: rename first position argument "input_file"

closes #1946

* main: linters

* main: move rule-related routines to capa.rules

ref #1821

* main: extract routines to capa.loader module

closes #1821

* add loader module

* loader: learn to load freeze format

* freeze: use new cli arg handling

* Update capa/loader.py

Co-authored-by: Moritz <mr-tz@users.noreply.github.com>

* main: remove duplicate documentation

* main: add doc about where some functions live

* scripts: migrate to new main wrapper helper functions

* scripts: port to main routines

* main: better handle auto-detection of backend

* scripts: migrate bulk-process to main wrappers

* scripts: migrate scripts to main wrappers

* main: rename *_from_args to *_from_cli

* changelog

* cache-ruleset: remove duplication

* main: fix tag handling

* cache-ruleset: fix cli args

* cache-ruleset: fix special rule cli handling

* scripts: fix type bytes

* main: nicely format debug messages

* helpers: ensure log messages aren't very long

* flake8 config

* binexport2: formatting

* loader: learn to load BinExport2 files

* main: debug log the format and backend

* elf: add more arch constants

* binexport: parse global features

* binexport: extract file features

* binexport2: begin to enumerate function/bb/insns

* binexport: pass context to function/bb/insn extractors

* binexport: linters

* binexport: linters

* scripts: add script to inspect binexport2 file

* inspect-binexport: fix xref symbols

* inspect-binexport: factor out the index building

* binexport: move index to binexport extractor module

* binexport: implement ELF/aarch64 GOT/thunk analyzer

* binexport: implement API features

* binexport: record the full vertex for a thunk

* binexport: learn to extract numbers

* binexport: number: skipped mapped numbers

* binexport: fix basic block address indexing

* binexport: rename function

* binexport: extract operand numbers

* binexport: learn to extract calls from characteristics

* binexport: learn to extract mnemonics

* pre-commit: skip protobuf file

* binexport: better search for sample file

* loader: add file extractors for BinExport2

* binexport: remove extra parameter

* new black config

* binexport: index string xrefs

* binexport: learn to extract bytes and strings

* binexport: cache parsed PE/ELF

* binexport: handle Ghidra SYMBOL numbers

* binexport2: handle binexport#78 (Ghidra only uses SYMBOL expresssions)

* main: write error output to stderr, not stdout

* scripts: add example detect-binexport2-capabilities.py

* detect-binexport2-capabilities: more documentation/examples

* elffile: recognize more architectures

* binexport: handle read_memory errors

* binexport: index flow graphs by address

* binexport: cleanup logging

* binexport: learn to extract function names

* binexport: learn to extract all function features

* binexport: learn to extract bb tight loops

* elf: don't require vivisect just for type annotations

* main: remove unused imports

* rules: don't eagerly import ruamel until needed

* loader: avoid eager imports of some backend-related code

* changelog

* fmt

* binexport: better render optional fields

* fix merge conflicts

* fix formatting

* remove Ghidra data reference madness

* handle PermissionError when searching sample file for BinExport2 file

* handle PermissionError when searching sample file for BinExport2 file

* add Android as valid OS

* inspect-binexport: strip strings

* inspect-binexport: render operands

* fix lints

* ruff: update config layout

* inspect-binexport: better align comments/xrefs

* use explicit search paths to get sample for BinExport file

* add initial BinExport tests

* add/update BinExport tests and minor fixes

* inspect-binexport: add perf tracking

* inspect-binexport: cache rendered operands

* lints

* do not extract number features for ret instructions

* Fix BinExport's "tight loop" feature extraction.

`idx.target_edges_by_basic_block_index[basic_block_index]` is of type
`List[Edges]`. The index `basic_block_index` was definitely not an
element.

* inspect-binexport: better render data section

* linters

* main: accept --format=binexport2

* binexport: insn: add support for parsing bare immediate int operands

* binexport2: bb: fix tight loop detection

ref #2050

* binexport: api: generate variations of Win32 APIs

* lints

* binexport: index: don't assume instruction index is 1:1 with address

* be2: index instruction addresses

* be2: temp remove bytes feature processing

* binexport: read memory from an address space extracted from PE/ELF

closes #2061

* be2: resolve thunks to imported functions

* be2: check for be2 string reference before bytes/string extraction overhead

* be2: remove unneeded check

* be2: do not process thunks

* be2: insn: polish thunk handling a bit

* be2: pre-compute thunk targets

* parse negative numbers

* update tests to use Ghidra-generated BinExport file

* remove unused import

* black reformat

* run tests always (for now)

* binexport: tests: fix test case

* binexport: extractor: fix insn lint

* binexport: addressspace: use base address recovered from binexport file

* Add nzxor charecteristic in BinExport extractor.

by referencing vivisect implementation.

* add tests, fix stack cookie detection

* test BinExport feature PRs

* reformat and fix

* complete TODO descriptions

* wip tests

* binexport: add typing where applicable (#2106)

* binexport2: revert import names from BinExport2 proto

binexport2_pb.BinExport2 isnt a package so we can't import it like:

    from ...binexport2_pb.BinExport2 import CallGraph

* fix stack offset numbers and disable offset tests

* xfail OperandOffset

* generate symbol variants

* wip: read negative numbers

* update tight loop tests

* binexport: fix function loop feature detection

* binexport: update binexport function loop tests

* binexport: fix lints and imports

* binexport: add back assert statement to thunk calculation

* binexport: update tests to use Ghidra binexport file

* binexport: add additional debug info to thunk calculation assert

* binexport: update unit tests to focus on Ghidra

* binexport: fix lints

* binexport: remove Ghidra symbol madness and fix x86/amd64 stack offset number tests

* binexport: use masking for Number features

* binexport: ignore call/jmp immediates for intel architecture

* binexport: check if immediate is a mapped address

* binexport: emit offset features for immediates likely structure offsets

* binexport: add twos complement wrapper insn.py

* binexport: add support for x86 offset features

* binexport: code refactor

* binexport: init refactor for multi-arch instruction feature parsing

* binexport: intel: emit indirect call characteristic

* binexport: use helper method for instruction mnemonic

* binexport: arm: emit offset features from stp instruction

* binexport: arm: emit indirect call characteristic

* binexport: arm: improve offset feature extraction

* binexport: add workaroud for Ghidra bug that results in empty operands (no expressions)

* binexport: skip x86 stack string tests

* binexport: update mimikatz.exe_ feature count tests for Ghidra

* core: loader: update binja import

* core: loader: update binja imports

* binexport: arm: ignore number features for add instruction manipulating stack

* binexport: update unit tests

* binexport: arm: ignore number features for sub instruction manipulating stack

* binexport: arm: emit offset features for add instructions

* binexport: remove TODO from tests workflow

* binexport: update CHANGELOG

* binexport: remove outdated TODOs

* binexport: re-enable support for data references in inspect-binexport2.py

* binexport: skip data references to code

* binexport: remove outdated TODOs

* Update scripts/inspect-binexport2.py

* Update CHANGELOG.md

* Update capa/helpers.py

* Update capa/features/extractors/common.py

* Update capa/features/extractors/binexport2/extractor.py

* Update capa/features/extractors/binexport2/arch/arm/insn.py

Co-authored-by: Moritz <mr-tz@users.noreply.github.com>

* initial add

* test binexport scripts

* add tests using small ARM ELF

* add method to get instruction by address

* index instructions by address

* adjust and extend tests

* handle operator with no children bug

* binexport: use instruction address index

ref: https://github.com/mandiant/capa/pull/1950/files#r1728570811

* inspect binexport: handle lsl with no children

add pruning phase to expression tree building
to remove known-bad branches. This might address
some of the data we're seeing due to:
NationalSecurityAgency/ghidra#6821

Also introduces a --instruction optional argument
to dump the details of a specific instruction.

* binexport: consolidate expression tree logic into helpers

* binexport: index instruction indices by address

* binexport: introduce instruction pattern matching

Introduce intruction pattern matching to declaratively
describe the instructions and operands that we want to
extract. While there's a bit more code, its much more
thoroughly tested, and is less brittle than the prior
if/else/if/else/if/else implementation.

* binexport: helpers: fix missing comment words

* binexport: update tests to reflect updated test files

* remove testing of feature branch

---------

Co-authored-by: Moritz <mr-tz@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Mike Hunhoff <mike.hunhoff@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: mr-tz <moritz.raabe@mandiant.com>
Co-authored-by: Lin Chen <larch.lin.chen@gmail.com>
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