cstar-migrate

Cassandra schema migration tool, a fork of cassandra-migrate.

Installation

Run python -m pip install cstar-migrate.

Reasoning

Unlike other available tools, this one:

• Written in Python for easy installation
• Does not require cqlsh, just the Cassandra Python driver
• Supports baselining existing database to given versions
• Supports partial advancement
• Supports locking for concurrent instances using Lightweight Transactions
• Verifies stored migrations against configured migrations
• Stores content, checksum, date and state of every migration
• Supports deploying with different keyspace configurations for different environments
• Supports cql and python scripts migrations

Configuration

Databases are configured through YAML files. For example:

keyspace: cstar
profiles:
  prod:
    replication:
      class: SimpleStrategy
      replication_factor: 3
migrations_path: ./migrations

Where the migrations folder (relative to the config file). contains .cql or .py files. The files are loaded in lexical order.

The default convention is to name them in the form: 001_my_migration.{cql | py}. A custom naming scheme can be specified with the new_migration_name option.

For example

# Default migration names
new_migration_name: "{next_version:03d}_{desc}"

# Date-based migration names
new_migration_name: "{date:YYYYMMDDHHmmss}_{desc}"

# Custom initial migration content for cql scripts
new_cql_migration_text: |
  /* Cassandra migration for keyspace {keyspace}.
     Version {next_version} - {date}

     {full_desc} */

# Custom initial migration content for python scripts
new_python_migration_text: |
  # Cassandra migration for keyspace {keyspace}.
  # Version {next_version} - {date}
  # {full_desc} */

  def execute(session, **kwargs):
      """
      Main method for your migration. Do not rename this method.

      Raise an exception of any kind to abort the migration.
      """

      print("Cassandra session: ", session)

new_migration_name is a new-style Python format string, which can use the following parameters:

• next_version: Number of the newly generated migration (as an int).
• desc: filename-clean description of the migration, as specified by the user.
• full_desc: unmodified description, possibly containing special characters.
• date: current date in UTC. Pay attention to the choice of formatting, otherwise you might include spaces in the file name. The above example should be a good starting point.
• keyspace: name of the configured keyspace.

The format string should not contain the .cql or .py extensions, as it they added automatically.

new_cql_migraton_text defines the initial content of CQL migration files.

new_python_migraton_text defines the initial content of Python migration files.

Profiles

Profiles can be defined in the configuration file. They can configure the replication and durable_writes parameters for CREATE KEYSPACE. A default dev profile is implicitly defined using a replication factor of 1.

Usage

Common parameters:

-H HOSTS, --hosts HOSTS
                      Comma-separated list of contact points
-p PORT, --port PORT
                      Connection port
-u USER, --user USER
                      Connection username
-P PASSWORD, --password PASSWORD
                      Connection password
-c CONFIG_FILE, --config-file CONFIG_FILE
                      Path to configuration file
-l PROTOCOL_VERSION, --protocol-version PROTOCOL_VERSION
                      Connection protocol version
-m PROFILE, --profile PROFILE
                      Name of keyspace profile to use
-s SSL_CERT, --ssl-cert SSL_CERT
                      File path of .pem or .crt containing certificate of
                      the cassandra host you are connecting to (or the
                      certificate of the CA that signed the host
                      certificate). If this option is provided, cassandra-
                      migrate will use ssl to connect to the cluster. If
                      this option is not provided, the -k and -t options
                      will be ignored.
-k SSL_CLIENT_PRIVATE_KEY, --ssl-client-private-key SSL_CLIENT_PRIVATE_KEY
                      File path of the .key file containing the private key
                      of the host on which the cstar-migrate command is
                      run. This option must be used in conjuction with the
                      -t option. This option is ignored unless the -s option
                      is provided.
-t SSL_CLIENT_CERT, --ssl-client-cert SSL_CLIENT_CERT
                      File path of the .crt file containing the public
                      certificate of the host on which the cstar-migrate
                      command is run. This certificate (or the CA that
                      signed it) must be trusted by the cassandra host that
                      migrations are run against. This option must be used
                      in conjuction with the -k option. This option is
                      ignored unless the -s option is provided.
-y, --assume-yes
                      Automatically answer "yes" for all questions

migrate

Advances a database to the latest (or chosen) version of migrations. Creates the keyspace and migrations table if necessary.

Migrate will refuse to run if a previous attempt failed. To override that after cleaning up any leftovers (as Cassandra has no DDL transactions), use the --force option.

Examples:

# Migrate to the latest database version using the default configuration file,
# connecting to Cassandra in the local machine
cstar-migrate -H 127.0.0.1 migrate

# Migrate to version 2 using a specific config file
cstar-migrate -c mydb.yml migrate 2

# Migrate to a version by name
cstar-migrate migrate 002_my_changes.cql

# Force migration after a failure
cstar-migrate migrate 2 --force

reset

Reset the database by dropping an existing keyspace, then running a migration.

Examples:

# Reset the database to the latest version
cstar-migrate reset

# Reset the database to a specifis version
cstar-migrate reset 3

clear

Clear the database by dropping an existing keyspace.

Example:

# Clear the database
cstar-migrate clear

baseline

Advance an existing database version without actually running the migrations.

Useful for starting to manage a pre-existing database without recreating it from scratch.

Examples:

# Baseline the existing database to the latest version
cstar-migrate baseline

# Baseline the existing database to a specific version
cstar-migrate baseline 5

status

Print the current status of the database.

Example:

cstar-migrate status

generate

Generate a new migration file with the appropriate name and a basic header template, in the configured migrations_path.

When running the command interactively, the file will be opened by the default editor. The newly-generated file name will be printed to stdout.

To generate a Python script, specify the --python option.

See the configuration section for details on migration naming.

Examples:

cstar-migrate generate "My migration description"

cstar-migrate generate "My migration description" --python