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Rollup merge of rust-lang#128157 - lolbinarycat:unify-ptr-ref-docs, r…
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…=cuviper

deduplicate and clarify rules for converting pointers to references

part of rust-lang#124669
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@matthiaskrgr
matthiaskrgr authored Aug 26, 2024
2 parents 478987e + b11e0a8 commit 71f406c
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Showing 4 changed files with 73 additions and 210 deletions.
54 changes: 4 additions & 50 deletions library/core/src/ptr/const_ptr.rs
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -239,24 +239,7 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> *const T {
/// # Safety
///
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that *either* the pointer is null *or*
/// all of the following is true:
///
/// * The pointer must be properly aligned.
///
/// * It must be "dereferenceable" in the sense defined in [the module documentation].
///
/// * The pointer must point to an initialized instance of `T`.
///
/// * You must enforce Rust's aliasing rules, since the returned lifetime `'a` is
/// arbitrarily chosen and does not necessarily reflect the actual lifetime of the data.
/// In particular, while this reference exists, the memory the pointer points to must
/// not get mutated (except inside `UnsafeCell`).
///
/// This applies even if the result of this method is unused!
/// (The part about being initialized is not yet fully decided, but until
/// it is, the only safe approach is to ensure that they are indeed initialized.)
///
/// [the module documentation]: crate::ptr#safety
/// the pointer is [convertible to a reference](crate::ptr#pointer-to-reference-conversion).
///
/// # Examples
///
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -302,24 +285,8 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> *const T {
///
/// # Safety
///
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that all of the following is true:
///
/// * The pointer must be properly aligned.
///
/// * It must be "dereferenceable" in the sense defined in [the module documentation].
///
/// * The pointer must point to an initialized instance of `T`.
///
/// * You must enforce Rust's aliasing rules, since the returned lifetime `'a` is
/// arbitrarily chosen and does not necessarily reflect the actual lifetime of the data.
/// In particular, while this reference exists, the memory the pointer points to must
/// not get mutated (except inside `UnsafeCell`).
///
/// This applies even if the result of this method is unused!
/// (The part about being initialized is not yet fully decided, but until
/// it is, the only safe approach is to ensure that they are indeed initialized.)
///
/// [the module documentation]: crate::ptr#safety
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that
/// the pointer is [convertible to a reference](crate::ptr#pointer-to-reference-conversion).
///
/// # Examples
///
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -350,20 +317,7 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> *const T {
/// # Safety
///
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that *either* the pointer is null *or*
/// all of the following is true:
///
/// * The pointer must be properly aligned.
///
/// * It must be "dereferenceable" in the sense defined in [the module documentation].
///
/// * You must enforce Rust's aliasing rules, since the returned lifetime `'a` is
/// arbitrarily chosen and does not necessarily reflect the actual lifetime of the data.
/// In particular, while this reference exists, the memory the pointer points to must
/// not get mutated (except inside `UnsafeCell`).
///
/// This applies even if the result of this method is unused!
///
/// [the module documentation]: crate::ptr#safety
/// the pointer is [convertible to a reference](crate::ptr#pointer-to-reference-conversion).
///
/// # Examples
///
Expand Down
46 changes: 46 additions & 0 deletions library/core/src/ptr/mod.rs
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -56,6 +56,52 @@
//! has size 0, i.e., even if memory is not actually touched. Consider using
//! [`NonNull::dangling`] in such cases.
//!
//! ## Pointer to reference conversion
//! When converting a pointer to a reference `&T` using `&*`,
//! there are several rules that must be followed:
//!
//! * The pointer must be properly aligned.
//!
// some microprocessors may use address 0 for an interrupt vector.
// users of these microprocessors must always read/write address 0 through
// a raw pointer, not a reference.
//! * It must be non-null.
//!
//! * It must be "dereferenceable" in the sense defined above.
//!
//! * The pointer must point to a valid value of type `T`.
//! This means that the created reference can only refer to
//! uninitialized memory through careful use of `MaybeUninit`,
//! or if the uninitialized memory is entirely contained within
//! padding bytes, since
//! [padding has the same validity invariant as `MaybeUninit`][ucg-pad].
//!
//! * You must enforce Rust's aliasing rules, since the lifetime of the
//! created reference is arbitrarily chosen,
//! and does not necessarily reflect the actual lifetime of the data.
//! In particular, while this reference exists,
//! the memory the pointer points to must
//! not get accessed (read or written) through any raw pointer,
//! except for data inside an `UnsafeCell`.
//! Note that aliased writes are always UB for mutable references,
//! even if they only modify `UnsafeCell` data.
//!
//! If a pointer follows all of these rules, it is said to be
//! *convertible to a reference*.
// ^ we use this term instead of saying that the produced reference must
// be valid, as the validity of a reference is easily confused for the
// validity of the thing it refers to, and while the two concepts are
// closly related, they are not identical.
//!
//! These apply even if the result is unused!
//! (The part about being initialized is not yet fully decided, but until
//! it is, the only safe approach is to ensure that they are indeed initialized.)
//!
//! An example of the implications of the above rules is that an expression such
//! as `unsafe { &*(0 as *const u8) }` is Immediate Undefined Behavior.
//!
//! [ucgpad]: https://rust-lang.github.io/unsafe-code-guidelines/glossary.html#padding
//!
//! ## Allocated object
//!
//! An *allocated object* is a subset of program memory which is addressable
Expand Down
111 changes: 11 additions & 100 deletions library/core/src/ptr/mut_ptr.rs
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -247,24 +247,7 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> *mut T {
/// # Safety
///
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that *either* the pointer is null *or*
/// all of the following is true:
///
/// * The pointer must be properly aligned.
///
/// * It must be "dereferenceable" in the sense defined in [the module documentation].
///
/// * The pointer must point to an initialized instance of `T`.
///
/// * You must enforce Rust's aliasing rules, since the returned lifetime `'a` is
/// arbitrarily chosen and does not necessarily reflect the actual lifetime of the data.
/// In particular, while this reference exists, the memory the pointer points to must
/// not get mutated (except inside `UnsafeCell`).
///
/// This applies even if the result of this method is unused!
/// (The part about being initialized is not yet fully decided, but until
/// it is, the only safe approach is to ensure that they are indeed initialized.)
///
/// [the module documentation]: crate::ptr#safety
/// the pointer is [convertible to a reference](crate::ptr#pointer-to-reference-conversion).
///
/// # Examples
///
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -313,24 +296,7 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> *mut T {
///
/// # Safety
///
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that all of the following is true:
///
/// * The pointer must be properly aligned.
///
/// * It must be "dereferenceable" in the sense defined in [the module documentation].
///
/// * The pointer must point to an initialized instance of `T`.
///
/// * You must enforce Rust's aliasing rules, since the returned lifetime `'a` is
/// arbitrarily chosen and does not necessarily reflect the actual lifetime of the data.
/// In particular, while this reference exists, the memory the pointer points to must
/// not get mutated (except inside `UnsafeCell`).
///
/// This applies even if the result of this method is unused!
/// (The part about being initialized is not yet fully decided, but until
/// it is, the only safe approach is to ensure that they are indeed initialized.)
///
/// [the module documentation]: crate::ptr#safety
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that the pointer is [convertible to a reference](crate::ptr#pointer-to-reference-conversion).
///
/// # Examples
///
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -364,20 +330,9 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> *mut T {
/// # Safety
///
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that *either* the pointer is null *or*
/// all of the following is true:
///
/// * The pointer must be properly aligned.
///
/// * It must be "dereferenceable" in the sense defined in [the module documentation].
///
/// * You must enforce Rust's aliasing rules, since the returned lifetime `'a` is
/// arbitrarily chosen and does not necessarily reflect the actual lifetime of the data.
/// In particular, while this reference exists, the memory the pointer points to must
/// not get mutated (except inside `UnsafeCell`).
///
/// This applies even if the result of this method is unused!
///
/// [the module documentation]: crate::ptr#safety
/// the pointer is [convertible to a reference](crate::ptr#pointer-to-reference-conversion).
/// Note that because the created reference is to `MaybeUninit<T>`, the
/// source pointer can point to uninitialized memory.
///
/// # Examples
///
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -609,25 +564,10 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> *mut T {
///
/// # Safety
///
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that *either* the pointer is null *or*
/// all of the following is true:
///
/// * The pointer must be properly aligned.
///
/// * It must be "dereferenceable" in the sense defined in [the module documentation].
///
/// * The pointer must point to an initialized instance of `T`.
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that *either*
/// the pointer is null *or*
/// the pointer is [convertible to a reference](crate::ptr#pointer-to-reference-conversion).
///
/// * You must enforce Rust's aliasing rules, since the returned lifetime `'a` is
/// arbitrarily chosen and does not necessarily reflect the actual lifetime of the data.
/// In particular, while this reference exists, the memory the pointer points to must
/// not get accessed (read or written) through any other pointer.
///
/// This applies even if the result of this method is unused!
/// (The part about being initialized is not yet fully decided, but until
/// it is, the only safe approach is to ensure that they are indeed initialized.)
///
/// [the module documentation]: crate::ptr#safety
///
/// # Examples
///
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -675,24 +615,8 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> *mut T {
///
/// # Safety
///
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that all of the following is true:
///
/// * The pointer must be properly aligned.
///
/// * It must be "dereferenceable" in the sense defined in [the module documentation].
///
/// * The pointer must point to an initialized instance of `T`.
///
/// * You must enforce Rust's aliasing rules, since the returned lifetime `'a` is
/// arbitrarily chosen and does not necessarily reflect the actual lifetime of the data.
/// In particular, while this reference exists, the memory the pointer points to must
/// not get mutated (except inside `UnsafeCell`).
///
/// This applies even if the result of this method is unused!
/// (The part about being initialized is not yet fully decided, but until
/// it is, the only safe approach is to ensure that they are indeed initialized.)
///
/// [the module documentation]: crate::ptr#safety
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that
/// the pointer is [convertible to a reference](crate::ptr#pointer-to-reference-conversion).
///
/// # Examples
///
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -727,20 +651,7 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> *mut T {
/// # Safety
///
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that *either* the pointer is null *or*
/// all of the following is true:
///
/// * The pointer must be properly aligned.
///
/// * It must be "dereferenceable" in the sense defined in [the module documentation].
///
/// * You must enforce Rust's aliasing rules, since the returned lifetime `'a` is
/// arbitrarily chosen and does not necessarily reflect the actual lifetime of the data.
/// In particular, while this reference exists, the memory the pointer points to must
/// not get accessed (read or written) through any other pointer.
///
/// This applies even if the result of this method is unused!
///
/// [the module documentation]: crate::ptr#safety
/// the pointer is [convertible to a reference](crate::ptr#pointer-to-reference-conversion).
#[inline]
#[unstable(feature = "ptr_as_uninit", issue = "75402")]
#[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_ptr_as_ref", issue = "91822")]
Expand Down
72 changes: 12 additions & 60 deletions library/core/src/ptr/non_null.rs
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -126,20 +126,10 @@ impl<T: Sized> NonNull<T> {
///
/// # Safety
///
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that all of the following is true:
///
/// * The pointer must be properly aligned.
///
/// * It must be "dereferenceable" in the sense defined in [the module documentation].
///
/// * You must enforce Rust's aliasing rules, since the returned lifetime `'a` is
/// arbitrarily chosen and does not necessarily reflect the actual lifetime of the data.
/// In particular, while this reference exists, the memory the pointer points to must
/// not get mutated (except inside `UnsafeCell`).
///
/// This applies even if the result of this method is unused!
///
/// [the module documentation]: crate::ptr#safety
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that
/// the pointer is [convertible to a reference](crate::ptr#pointer-to-reference-conversion).
/// Note that because the created reference is to `MaybeUninit<T>`, the
/// source pointer can point to uninitialized memory.
#[inline]
#[must_use]
#[unstable(feature = "ptr_as_uninit", issue = "75402")]
Expand All @@ -160,20 +150,10 @@ impl<T: Sized> NonNull<T> {
///
/// # Safety
///
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that all of the following is true:
///
/// * The pointer must be properly aligned.
///
/// * It must be "dereferenceable" in the sense defined in [the module documentation].
///
/// * You must enforce Rust's aliasing rules, since the returned lifetime `'a` is
/// arbitrarily chosen and does not necessarily reflect the actual lifetime of the data.
/// In particular, while this reference exists, the memory the pointer points to must
/// not get accessed (read or written) through any other pointer.
///
/// This applies even if the result of this method is unused!
///
/// [the module documentation]: crate::ptr#safety
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that
/// the pointer is [convertible to a reference](crate::ptr#pointer-to-reference-conversion).
/// Note that because the created reference is to `MaybeUninit<T>`, the
/// source pointer can point to uninitialized memory.
#[inline]
#[must_use]
#[unstable(feature = "ptr_as_uninit", issue = "75402")]
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -359,22 +339,8 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> NonNull<T> {
///
/// # Safety
///
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that all of the following is true:
///
/// * The pointer must be properly aligned.
///
/// * It must be "dereferenceable" in the sense defined in [the module documentation].
///
/// * The pointer must point to an initialized instance of `T`.
///
/// * You must enforce Rust's aliasing rules, since the returned lifetime `'a` is
/// arbitrarily chosen and does not necessarily reflect the actual lifetime of the data.
/// In particular, while this reference exists, the memory the pointer points to must
/// not get mutated (except inside `UnsafeCell`).
///
/// This applies even if the result of this method is unused!
/// (The part about being initialized is not yet fully decided, but until
/// it is, the only safe approach is to ensure that they are indeed initialized.)
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that
/// the pointer is [convertible to a reference](crate::ptr#pointer-to-reference-conversion).
///
/// # Examples
///
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -410,22 +376,8 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> NonNull<T> {
///
/// # Safety
///
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that all of the following is true:
///
/// * The pointer must be properly aligned.
///
/// * It must be "dereferenceable" in the sense defined in [the module documentation].
///
/// * The pointer must point to an initialized instance of `T`.
///
/// * You must enforce Rust's aliasing rules, since the returned lifetime `'a` is
/// arbitrarily chosen and does not necessarily reflect the actual lifetime of the data.
/// In particular, while this reference exists, the memory the pointer points to must
/// not get accessed (read or written) through any other pointer.
///
/// This applies even if the result of this method is unused!
/// (The part about being initialized is not yet fully decided, but until
/// it is, the only safe approach is to ensure that they are indeed initialized.)
/// When calling this method, you have to ensure that
/// the pointer is [convertible to a reference](crate::ptr#pointer-to-reference-conversion).
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
Expand Down

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