Rollup merge of rust-lang#129629 - compiler-errors:rtn-in-path, r=jac…

…kh726

Implement Return Type Notation (RTN)'s path form in where clauses

Implement return type notation (RTN) in path position for where clauses. We already had RTN in associated type position ([e.g.](https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=nightly&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=627a4fb8e2cb334863fbd08ed3722c09)), but per [the RFC](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/3654-return-type-notation.html#where-rtn-can-be-used-for-now):

> As a standalone type, RTN can only be used as the Self type of a where-clause [...]

Specifically, in order to enable code like:

```rust
trait Foo {
    fn bar() -> impl Sized;
}

fn is_send(_: impl Send) {}

fn test<T>()
where
    T: Foo,
    T::bar(..): Send,
{
    is_send(T::bar());
}
```

* In the resolver, when we see a `TyKind::Path` whose final segment is `GenericArgs::ParenthesizedElided` (i.e. `(..)`), resolve that path in the *value* namespace, since we're looking for a method.
* When lowering where clauses in HIR lowering, we first try to intercept an RTN self type via `lower_ty_maybe_return_type_notation`. If we find an RTN type, we lower it manually in a way that respects its higher-ranked-ness (see below) and resolves to the corresponding RPITIT. Anywhere else, we'll emit the same "return type notation not allowed in this position yet" error we do when writing RTN in every other position.
* In `resolve_bound_vars`, we add some special treatment for RTN types in where clauses. Specifically, we need to add new lifetime variables to our binders for the early- and late-bound vars we encounter on the method. This implements the higher-ranked desugaring [laid out in the RFC](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/3654-return-type-notation.html#converting-to-higher-ranked-trait-bounds).

This PR also adds a bunch of tests, mostly negative ones (testing error messages).

In a follow-up PR, I'm going to mark RTN as no longer incomplete, since this PR basically finishes the impl surface that we should initially stabilize, and the RFC was accepted.

cc [RFC 3654](rust-lang/rfcs#3654) and rust-lang#109417

compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/asm.rs

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ use super::errors::{
 };
 use super::LoweringContext;
 use crate::{
-    fluent_generated as fluent, ImplTraitContext, ImplTraitPosition, ParamMode,
-    ResolverAstLoweringExt,
+    fluent_generated as fluent, AllowReturnTypeNotation, ImplTraitContext, ImplTraitPosition,
+    ParamMode, ResolverAstLoweringExt,
 };
 
 impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
@@ -201,6 +201,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                                 &sym.qself,
                                 &sym.path,
                                 ParamMode::Optional,
+                                AllowReturnTypeNotation::No,
                                 ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Path),
                                 None,
                             );

compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/delegation.rs

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ use rustc_target::spec::abi;
 use {rustc_ast as ast, rustc_hir as hir};
 
 use super::{GenericArgsMode, ImplTraitContext, LoweringContext, ParamMode};
-use crate::{ImplTraitPosition, ResolverAstLoweringExt};
+use crate::{AllowReturnTypeNotation, ImplTraitPosition, ResolverAstLoweringExt};
 
 pub(crate) struct DelegationResults<'hir> {
     pub body_id: hir::BodyId,
@@ -340,6 +340,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                 &delegation.qself,
                 &delegation.path,
                 ParamMode::Optional,
+                AllowReturnTypeNotation::No,
                 ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Path),
                 None,
             );

compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/expr.rs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use super::{
     GenericArgsMode, ImplTraitContext, LoweringContext, ParamMode, ResolverAstLoweringExt,
 };
 use crate::errors::YieldInClosure;
-use crate::{fluent_generated, FnDeclKind, ImplTraitPosition};
+use crate::{fluent_generated, AllowReturnTypeNotation, FnDeclKind, ImplTraitPosition};
 
 impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
     fn lower_exprs(&mut self, exprs: &[AstP<Expr>]) -> &'hir [hir::Expr<'hir>] {
@@ -281,6 +281,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                         qself,
                         path,
                         ParamMode::Optional,
+                        AllowReturnTypeNotation::No,
                         ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Path),
                         None,
                     );
@@ -328,6 +329,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                             &se.qself,
                             &se.path,
                             ParamMode::Optional,
+                            AllowReturnTypeNotation::No,
                             ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Path),
                             None,
                         )),
@@ -1291,6 +1293,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                         qself,
                         path,
                         ParamMode::Optional,
+                        AllowReturnTypeNotation::No,
                         ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Path),
                         None,
                     );
@@ -1311,6 +1314,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                         qself,
                         path,
                         ParamMode::Optional,
+                        AllowReturnTypeNotation::No,
                         ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Path),
                         None,
                     );
@@ -1336,6 +1340,7 @@ impl<'hir> LoweringContext<'_, 'hir> {
                     &se.qself,
                     &se.path,
                     ParamMode::Optional,
+                    AllowReturnTypeNotation::No,
                     ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Path),
                     None,
                 );

compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/lib.rs

@@ -485,9 +485,23 @@ enum ParamMode {
     Optional,
 }
 
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+enum AllowReturnTypeNotation {
+    /// Only in types, since RTN is denied later during HIR lowering.
+    Yes,
+    /// All other positions (path expr, method, use tree).
+    No,
+}
+
 enum GenericArgsMode {
+    /// Allow paren sugar, don't allow RTN.
     ParenSugar,
+    /// Allow RTN, don't allow paren sugar.
+    ReturnTypeNotation,
+    // Error if parenthesized generics or RTN are encountered.
     Err,
+    /// Silence errors when lowering generics. Only used with `Res::Err`.
+    Silence,
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
@@ -1226,7 +1240,15 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         }
 
         let id = self.lower_node_id(t.id);
-        let qpath = self.lower_qpath(t.id, qself, path, param_mode, itctx, None);
+        let qpath = self.lower_qpath(
+            t.id,
+            qself,
+            path,
+            param_mode,
+            AllowReturnTypeNotation::Yes,
+            itctx,
+            None,
+        );
         self.ty_path(id, t.span, qpath)
     }
 
@@ -2203,6 +2225,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
             &None,
             &p.path,
             ParamMode::Explicit,
+            AllowReturnTypeNotation::No,
             itctx,
             Some(modifiers),
         ) {
@@ -2341,6 +2364,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                     &None,
                     path,
                     ParamMode::Optional,
+                    AllowReturnTypeNotation::No,
                     ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Path),
                     None,
                 );
@@ -2419,6 +2443,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                 qself,
                 path,
                 ParamMode::Optional,
+                AllowReturnTypeNotation::No,
                 ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Path),
                 None,
             );

compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/pat.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use super::errors::{
     ArbitraryExpressionInPattern, ExtraDoubleDot, MisplacedDoubleDot, SubTupleBinding,
 };
 use super::{ImplTraitContext, LoweringContext, ParamMode, ResolverAstLoweringExt};
-use crate::ImplTraitPosition;
+use crate::{AllowReturnTypeNotation, ImplTraitPosition};
 
 impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
     pub(crate) fn lower_pat(&mut self, pattern: &Pat) -> &'hir hir::Pat<'hir> {
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                             qself,
                             path,
                             ParamMode::Optional,
+                            AllowReturnTypeNotation::No,
                             ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Path),
                             None,
                         );
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                             qself,
                             path,
                             ParamMode::Optional,
+                            AllowReturnTypeNotation::No,
                             ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Path),
                             None,
                         );
@@ -66,6 +68,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                             qself,
                             path,
                             ParamMode::Optional,
+                            AllowReturnTypeNotation::No,
                             ImplTraitContext::Disallowed(ImplTraitPosition::Path),
                             None,
                         );

compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/path.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def::{DefKind, PartialRes, Res};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_hir::GenericArg;
 use rustc_middle::span_bug;
+use rustc_session::parse::add_feature_diagnostics;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{kw, sym, Ident};
 use rustc_span::{BytePos, DesugaringKind, Span, Symbol, DUMMY_SP};
 use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
@@ -15,10 +16,9 @@ use super::errors::{
     GenericTypeWithParentheses, UseAngleBrackets,
 };
 use super::{
-    GenericArgsCtor, GenericArgsMode, ImplTraitContext, LifetimeRes, LoweringContext, ParamMode,
-    ResolverAstLoweringExt,
+    AllowReturnTypeNotation, GenericArgsCtor, GenericArgsMode, ImplTraitContext, ImplTraitPosition,
+    LifetimeRes, LoweringContext, ParamMode, ResolverAstLoweringExt,
 };
-use crate::ImplTraitPosition;
 
 impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
     #[instrument(level = "trace", skip(self))]
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         qself: &Option<ptr::P<QSelf>>,
         p: &Path,
         param_mode: ParamMode,
+        allow_return_type_notation: AllowReturnTypeNotation,
         itctx: ImplTraitContext,
         // modifiers of the impl/bound if this is a trait path
         modifiers: Option<ast::TraitBoundModifiers>,
@@ -103,8 +104,14 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                         {
                             GenericArgsMode::ParenSugar
                         }
+                        Res::Def(DefKind::AssocFn, _) if i + 1 == proj_start => {
+                            match allow_return_type_notation {
+                                AllowReturnTypeNotation::Yes => GenericArgsMode::ReturnTypeNotation,
+                                AllowReturnTypeNotation::No => GenericArgsMode::Err,
+                            }
+                        }
                         // Avoid duplicated errors.
-                        Res::Err => GenericArgsMode::ParenSugar,
+                        Res::Err => GenericArgsMode::Silence,
                         // An error
                         _ => GenericArgsMode::Err,
                     };
@@ -164,11 +171,20 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
         //   3. `<<std::vec::Vec<T>>::IntoIter>::Item`
         // * final path is `<<<std::vec::Vec<T>>::IntoIter>::Item>::clone`
         for (i, segment) in p.segments.iter().enumerate().skip(proj_start) {
+            // If this is a type-dependent `T::method(..)`.
+            let generic_args_mode = if i + 1 == p.segments.len()
+                && matches!(allow_return_type_notation, AllowReturnTypeNotation::Yes)
+            {
+                GenericArgsMode::ReturnTypeNotation
+            } else {
+                GenericArgsMode::Err
+            };
+
             let hir_segment = self.arena.alloc(self.lower_path_segment(
                 p.span,
                 segment,
                 param_mode,
-                GenericArgsMode::Err,
+                generic_args_mode,
                 itctx,
                 None,
             ));
@@ -238,11 +254,46 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                     self.lower_angle_bracketed_parameter_data(data, param_mode, itctx)
                 }
                 GenericArgs::Parenthesized(data) => match generic_args_mode {
-                    GenericArgsMode::ParenSugar => self.lower_parenthesized_parameter_data(
-                        data,
-                        itctx,
-                        bound_modifier_allowed_features,
-                    ),
+                    GenericArgsMode::ReturnTypeNotation => {
+                        let mut err = if !data.inputs.is_empty() {
+                            self.dcx().create_err(BadReturnTypeNotation::Inputs {
+                                span: data.inputs_span,
+                            })
+                        } else if let FnRetTy::Ty(ty) = &data.output {
+                            self.dcx().create_err(BadReturnTypeNotation::Output {
+                                span: data.inputs_span.shrink_to_hi().to(ty.span),
+                            })
+                        } else {
+                            self.dcx().create_err(BadReturnTypeNotation::NeedsDots {
+                                span: data.inputs_span,
+                            })
+                        };
+                        if !self.tcx.features().return_type_notation
+                            && self.tcx.sess.is_nightly_build()
+                        {
+                            add_feature_diagnostics(
+                                &mut err,
+                                &self.tcx.sess,
+                                sym::return_type_notation,
+                            );
+                        }
+                        err.emit();
+                        (
+                            GenericArgsCtor {
+                                args: Default::default(),
+                                constraints: &[],
+                                parenthesized: hir::GenericArgsParentheses::ReturnTypeNotation,
+                                span: path_span,
+                            },
+                            false,
+                        )
+                    }
+                    GenericArgsMode::ParenSugar | GenericArgsMode::Silence => self
+                        .lower_parenthesized_parameter_data(
+                            data,
+                            itctx,
+                            bound_modifier_allowed_features,
+                        ),
                     GenericArgsMode::Err => {
                         // Suggest replacing parentheses with angle brackets `Trait(params...)` to `Trait<params...>`
                         let sub = if !data.inputs.is_empty() {
@@ -279,7 +330,14 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
                     }
                 },
                 GenericArgs::ParenthesizedElided(span) => {
-                    self.dcx().emit_err(BadReturnTypeNotation::Position { span: *span });
+                    match generic_args_mode {
+                        GenericArgsMode::ReturnTypeNotation | GenericArgsMode::Silence => {
+                            // Ok
+                        }
+                        GenericArgsMode::ParenSugar | GenericArgsMode::Err => {
+                            self.dcx().emit_err(BadReturnTypeNotation::Position { span: *span });
+                        }
+                    }
                     (
                         GenericArgsCtor {
                             args: Default::default(),

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/messages.ftl

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ hir_analysis_assoc_kind_mismatch = expected {$expected}, found {$got}
 
 hir_analysis_assoc_kind_mismatch_wrap_in_braces_sugg = consider adding braces here
 
-hir_analysis_associated_type_trait_uninferred_generic_params = cannot use the associated type of a trait with uninferred generic parameters
+hir_analysis_associated_type_trait_uninferred_generic_params = cannot use the associated {$what} of a trait with uninferred generic parameters
     .suggestion = use a fully qualified path with inferred lifetimes
 
 hir_analysis_associated_type_trait_uninferred_generic_params_multipart_suggestion = use a fully qualified path with explicit lifetimes
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ hir_analysis_auto_deref_reached_recursion_limit = reached the recursion limit wh
 
 hir_analysis_bad_precise_capture = expected {$kind} parameter in `use<...>` precise captures list, found {$found}
 
+hir_analysis_bad_return_type_notation_position = return type notation not allowed in this position yet
+
 hir_analysis_cannot_capture_late_bound_const =
     cannot capture late-bound const parameter in {$what}
     .label = parameter defined here

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect.rs

@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ impl<'tcx> HirTyLowerer<'tcx> for ItemCtxt<'tcx> {
                                 [] => (generics.span, format!("<{lt_name}>")),
                                 [bound, ..] => (bound.span.shrink_to_lo(), format!("{lt_name}, ")),
                             };
-                            mpart_sugg = Some(errors::AssociatedTypeTraitUninferredGenericParamsMultipartSuggestion {
+                            mpart_sugg = Some(errors::AssociatedItemTraitUninferredGenericParamsMultipartSuggestion {
                                 fspan: lt_sp,
                                 first: sugg,
                                 sspan: span.with_hi(item_segment.ident.span.lo()),
@@ -502,11 +502,12 @@ impl<'tcx> HirTyLowerer<'tcx> for ItemCtxt<'tcx> {
             }
             Ty::new_error(
                 self.tcx(),
-                self.tcx().dcx().emit_err(errors::AssociatedTypeTraitUninferredGenericParams {
+                self.tcx().dcx().emit_err(errors::AssociatedItemTraitUninferredGenericParams {
                     span,
                     inferred_sugg,
                     bound,
                     mpart_sugg,
+                    what: "type",
                 }),
             )
         }

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/collect/predicates_of.rs

@@ -240,7 +240,8 @@ fn gather_explicit_predicates_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: LocalDefId) -> ty::Gen
     for predicate in hir_generics.predicates {
         match predicate {
             hir::WherePredicate::BoundPredicate(bound_pred) => {
-                let ty = icx.lower_ty(bound_pred.bounded_ty);
+                let ty = icx.lowerer().lower_ty_maybe_return_type_notation(bound_pred.bounded_ty);
+
                 let bound_vars = tcx.late_bound_vars(bound_pred.hir_id);
                 // Keep the type around in a dummy predicate, in case of no bounds.
                 // That way, `where Ty:` is not a complete noop (see #53696) and `Ty`
@@ -770,6 +771,10 @@ impl<'tcx> ItemCtxt<'tcx> {
                 continue;
             };
 
+            // Subtle: If we're collecting `SelfAndAssociatedTypeBounds`, then we
+            // want to only consider predicates with `Self: ...`, but we don't want
+            // `OnlySelfBounds(true)` since we want to collect the nested associated
+            // type bound as well.
             let (only_self_bounds, assoc_name) = match filter {
                 PredicateFilter::All | PredicateFilter::SelfAndAssociatedTypeBounds => {
                     (OnlySelfBounds(false), None)
@@ -780,14 +785,10 @@ impl<'tcx> ItemCtxt<'tcx> {
                 }
             };
 
-            // Subtle: If we're collecting `SelfAndAssociatedTypeBounds`, then we
-            // want to only consider predicates with `Self: ...`, but we don't want
-            // `OnlySelfBounds(true)` since we want to collect the nested associated
-            // type bound as well.
             let bound_ty = if predicate.is_param_bound(param_def_id.to_def_id()) {
                 ty
             } else if matches!(filter, PredicateFilter::All) {
-                self.lower_ty(predicate.bounded_ty)
+                self.lowerer().lower_ty_maybe_return_type_notation(predicate.bounded_ty)
             } else {
                 continue;
             };