arf

The Advanced Recording Format ARF is an open standard for storing data from neuronal, acoustic, and behavioral experiments in a portable, high-performance, archival format. The goal is to enable labs to share data and tools, and to allow valuable data to be accessed and analyzed for many years in the future.

ARF is built on the the HDF5 format, and all arf files are accessible through standard HDF5 tools, including interfaces to HDF5 written for other languages (e.g. MATLAB, Python, etc). ARF comprises a set of specifications on how different kinds of data are stored. The organization of ARF files is based around the concept of an entry, a collection of data channels associated with a particular point in time. An entry might contain one or more of the following:

• raw extracellular neural signals recorded from a multichannel probe
• spike times extracted from neural data
• acoustic signals from a microphone
• times when an animal interacted with a behavioral apparatus
• the times when a real-time signal analyzer detected vocalization

Entries and datasets have metadata attributes describing how the data were collected. Datasets and entries retain these attributes when copied or moved between arf files, helping to prevent data from becoming orphaned and uninterpretable.

This repository contains:

• The specification for arf (in specification.md). This is also hosted at https://meliza.org/spec:1/arf/.
• A fast, type-safe C++ interface for reading and writing arf files
• A python interface for reading and writing arf files (based on h5py).

contributing

ARF is under active development and we welcome comments and contributions from neuroscientists and behavioral biologists interested in using it. We’re particularly interested in use cases that don’t fit the current specification. Please post issues or contact Dan Meliza (dan at meliza.org) directly.

The MATLAB interface is out of date and could use some work.

installation

ARF files require HDF5>=1.8 (http://www.hdfgroup.org/HDF5).

The python interface requires Python 3.7 or greater, numpy>=1.19, and h5py>=2.10. The last version to support Python 2 was 2.5.1. To install the module:

pip install arf

To use the C++ interface, you need boost>=1.42 (http://boost.org). In addition, if writing multithreaded code, HDF5 needs to be compiled with --enable-threadsafe. The interface is header-only and does not need to be compiled. To install:

make install

version information

The specification and implementations provided in this project use a form of semantic versioning (http://semver.org). Specifications receive a major and minor version number. Changes to minor version numbers must be backwards compatible (i.e., only added requirements). The current released version of the ARF specification is 2.1.

Implementation versions are synchronized with the major version of the specification but otherwise evolve independently. For example, the python arf package version 2.1.0 is compatible with any ARF version 2.x.

There was no public release of ARF prior to 2.0.

access ARF files with HDF5 tools

This section describes how to inspect ARF files using standard tools, in the event that the interfaces described here cease to function.

The structure of an ARF file can be explored using the h5ls tool. For example, to list entries:

$ h5ls file.arf
test_0001                Group
test_0002                Group
test_0003                Group
test_0004                Group

Each entry appears as a Group. To list the contents of an entry, use path notation:

$ h5ls file.arf/test_0001
pcm                      Dataset {609914}

This shows that the data in test_0001 is stored in a single node, pcm}, with 609914 data points. Typically each channel will have its own dataset.

The h5dump command can be used to output data in binary format. See the HDF5 documentation for details on how to structure the output. For example, to extract sampled data to a 16-bit little-endian file (i.e., PCM format):

h5dump -d /test_0001/pcm -b LE -o test_0001.pcm file.arf

related projects

• arfx is a commandline tool for manipulating ARF files.

open data formats

• neurodata without borders has similar goals and also uses HDF5 for storage. The data schema is considerably more complex, but it does seem to be achieving growing adoption.
• pandora is also under active development
• bark is inspired by ARF but uses the filesystem directory structure instead of HDF5.

i/o libraries

• neo is a Python package for working with electrophysiology data in Python, together with support for reading a wide range of neurophysiology file formats.
• neuroshare is a set of routines for reading and writing data in various proprietary and open formats.