Add Leiden algorithm

[DavIvek]

Description

Please briefly explain the changes you made here.

Pull request type

• Algorithm/Module

Reviewer checklist (the reviewer checks this part)

Module/Algorithm

• Core algorithm/module implementation
• Query module implementation
• Tests provided (unit / e2e)
• Code documentation
• README short description

Documentation checklist

• Add the documentation label tag
• Add the bug / feature label tag
• Add the milestone for which this feature is intended
  • If not known, set for a later milestone
• Write a release note, including added/changed clauses
  • Added the Leiden community detection algorithm.
• Link the documentation PR here
  • Add Leiden community detection algorithm docs documentation#1014
• Tag someone from docs team in the comments
  @hal-eisen-MG

TODOs

• Basic version with the “leaf” communities
• Finish the basic implementation → return intermediate communities

closes #506

[notion-workspace]

New page

[gitbuda]

Much much better state 💪 Two more things and then it's ready to be merged:

• consistent pragma once usage
• I think we still don't have the automated formatting (under the whole mage repo), I've created a new issue for that (Automate formatting under the whole mage repo #519), for now just apply clang-format -i {{all_cpp_and_hpp_files}} (use the clang-format 17 from the toolchain-v5)

[sonarcloud]

Quality Gate failed

Failed conditions
3 Security Hotspots
E Reliability Rating on New Code (required ≥ A)

See analysis details on SonarCloud

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