Initial Update

[pyup-bot]

This is my first visit to this fine repo so I have bundled all updates in a single pull request to make things easier for you to merge.

Close this pull request and delete the branch if you want me to start with single pull requests right away

Here's the executive summary:

Updates

Here's a list of all the updates bundled in this pull request. I've added some links to make it easier for you to find all the information you need.

requests

2.0.1

»

2.18.4

PyPI | Changelog | Homepage

Changelogs

requests 2.0.1 -> 2.18.4

2.18.4

+++++++++++++++++++

Improvements

• Error messages for invalid headers now include the header name for easier debugging

Dependencies

• We now support idna v2.6.

2.18.3

+++++++++++++++++++

Improvements

• Running $ python -m requests.help now includes the installed version of idna.

Bugfixes

• Fixed issue where Requests would raise ConnectionError instead of
  SSLError when encountering SSL problems when using urllib3 v1.22.

2.18.2

+++++++++++++++++++

Bugfixes

• requests.help no longer fails on Python 2.6 due to the absence of
  ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER.

Dependencies

• We now support urllib3 v1.22.

2.18.1

+++++++++++++++++++

Bugfixes

• Fix an error in the packaging whereby the *.whl contained incorrect data that
  regressed the fix in v2.17.3.

2.18.0

+++++++++++++++++++

Improvements

• Response is now a context manager, so can be used directly in a with statement
  without first having to be wrapped by contextlib.closing().

Bugfixes

• Resolve installation failure if multiprocessing is not available
• Resolve tests crash if multiprocessing is not able to determine the number of CPU cores
• Resolve error swallowing in utils set_environ generator

2.17.3

+++++++++++++++++++

Improvements

• Improved packages namespace identity support, for monkeypatching libraries.

2.17.2

+++++++++++++++++++

Improvements

• Improved packages namespace identity support, for monkeypatching libraries.

2.17.1

+++++++++++++++++++

Improvements

• Improved packages namespace identity support, for monkeypatching libraries.

2.17.0

+++++++++++++++++++

Improvements

• Removal of the 301 redirect cache. This improves thread-safety.

2.16.5

+++++++++++++++++++

• Improvements to $ python -m requests.help.

2.16.4

+++++++++++++++++++

• Introduction of the $ python -m requests.help command, for debugging with maintainers!

2.16.3

+++++++++++++++++++

• Further restored the requests.packages namespace for compatibility reasons.

2.16.2

+++++++++++++++++++

• Further restored the requests.packages namespace for compatibility reasons.

No code modification (noted below) should be neccessary any longer.

2.16.1

+++++++++++++++++++

• Restored the requests.packages namespace for compatibility reasons.
• Bugfix for urllib3 version parsing.

Note: code that was written to import against the requests.packages
namespace previously will have to import code that rests at this module-level
now.

For example::

from requests.packages.urllib3.poolmanager import PoolManager

Will need to be re-written to be::

from requests.packages import urllib3
urllib3.poolmanager.PoolManager

Or, even better::

from urllib3.poolmanager import PoolManager

2.16.0

+++++++++++++++++++

• Unvendor ALL the things!

2.15.1

+++++++++++++++++++

• Everyone makes mistakes.

2.15.0

+++++++++++++++++++

Improvements

• Introduction of the Response.next property, for getting the next
  PreparedResponse from a redirect chain (when allow_redirects=False).
• Internal refactoring of __version__ module.

Bugfixes

• Restored once-optional parameter for requests.utils.get_environ_proxies().

2.14.2

+++++++++++++++++++

Bugfixes

• Changed a less-than to an equal-to and an or in the dependency markers to
  widen compatibility with older setuptools releases.

2.14.1

+++++++++++++++++++

Bugfixes

• Changed the dependency markers to widen compatibility with older pip
  releases.

2.14.0

+++++++++++++++++++

Improvements

• It is now possible to pass no_proxy as a key to the proxies
  dictionary to provide handling similar to the NO_PROXY environment
  variable.
• When users provide invalid paths to certificate bundle files or directories
  Requests now raises IOError, rather than failing at the time of the HTTPS
  request with a fairly inscrutable certificate validation error.
• The behavior of SessionRedirectMixin was slightly altered.
  resolve_redirects will now detect a redirect by calling
  get_redirect_target(response) instead of directly
  querying Response.is_redirect and Response.headers['location'].
  Advanced users will be able to process malformed redirects more easily.
• Changed the internal calculation of elapsed request time to have higher
  resolution on Windows.
• Added win_inet_pton as conditional dependency for the [socks] extra
  on Windows with Python 2.7.
• Changed the proxy bypass implementation on Windows: the proxy bypass
  check doesn't use forward and reverse DNS requests anymore
• URLs with schemes that begin with http but are not http or https
  no longer have their host parts forced to lowercase.

Bugfixes

• Much improved handling of non-ASCII Location header values in redirects.
  Fewer UnicodeDecodeErrors are encountered on Python 2, and Python 3 now
  correctly understands that Latin-1 is unlikely to be the correct encoding.
• If an attempt to seek file to find out its length fails, we now
  appropriately handle that by aborting our content-length calculations.
• Restricted HTTPDigestAuth to only respond to auth challenges made on 4XX
  responses, rather than to all auth challenges.
• Fixed some code that was firing DeprecationWarning on Python 3.6.
• The dismayed person emoticon (/o\\) no longer has a big head. I'm sure
  this is what you were all worrying about most.

Miscellaneous

• Updated bundled urllib3 to v1.21.1.
• Updated bundled chardet to v3.0.2.
• Updated bundled idna to v2.5.
• Updated bundled certifi to 2017.4.17.

2.13.0

+++++++++++++++++++

Features

• Only load the idna library when we've determined we need it. This will
  save some memory for users.

Miscellaneous

• Updated bundled urllib3 to 1.20.
• Updated bundled idna to 2.2.

2.12.5

+++++++++++++++++++

Bugfixes

• Fixed an issue with JSON encoding detection, specifically detecting
  big-endian UTF-32 with BOM.

2.12.4

+++++++++++++++++++

Bugfixes

• Fixed regression from 2.12.2 where non-string types were rejected in the
  basic auth parameters. While support for this behaviour has been readded,
  the behaviour is deprecated and will be removed in the future.

2.12.3

+++++++++++++++++++

Bugfixes

• Fixed regression from v2.12.1 for URLs with schemes that begin with "http".
  These URLs have historically been processed as though they were HTTP-schemed
  URLs, and so have had parameters added. This was removed in v2.12.2 in an
  overzealous attempt to resolve problems with IDNA-encoding those URLs. This
  change was reverted: the other fixes for IDNA-encoding have been judged to
  be sufficient to return to the behaviour Requests had before v2.12.0.

2.12.2

+++++++++++++++++++

Bugfixes

• Fixed several issues with IDNA-encoding URLs that are technically invalid but
  which are widely accepted. Requests will now attempt to IDNA-encode a URL if
  it can but, if it fails, and the host contains only ASCII characters, it will
  be passed through optimistically. This will allow users to opt-in to using
  IDNA2003 themselves if they want to, and will also allow technically invalid
  but still common hostnames.
• Fixed an issue where URLs with leading whitespace would raise
  InvalidSchema errors.
• Fixed an issue where some URLs without the HTTP or HTTPS schemes would still
  have HTTP URL preparation applied to them.
• Fixed an issue where Unicode strings could not be used in basic auth.
• Fixed an issue encountered by some Requests plugins where constructing a
  Response object would cause Response.content to raise an
  AttributeError.

2.12.1

+++++++++++++++++++

Bugfixes

• Updated setuptools 'security' extra for the new PyOpenSSL backend in urllib3.

Miscellaneous

• Updated bundled urllib3 to 1.19.1.

2.12.0

+++++++++++++++++++

Improvements

• Updated support for internationalized domain names from IDNA2003 to IDNA2008.
  This updated support is required for several forms of IDNs and is mandatory
  for .de domains.
• Much improved heuristics for guessing content lengths: Requests will no
  longer read an entire StringIO into memory.
• Much improved logic for recalculating Content-Length headers for
  PreparedRequest objects.
• Improved tolerance for file-like objects that have no tell method but
  do have a seek method.
• Anything that is a subclass of Mapping is now treated like a dictionary
  by the data= keyword argument.
• Requests now tolerates empty passwords in proxy credentials, rather than
  stripping the credentials.
• If a request is made with a file-like object as the body and that request is
  redirected with a 307 or 308 status code, Requests will now attempt to
  rewind the body object so it can be replayed.

Bugfixes

• When calling response.close, the call to close will be propagated
  through to non-urllib3 backends.
• Fixed issue where the ALL_PROXY environment variable would be preferred
  over scheme-specific variables like HTTP_PROXY.
• Fixed issue where non-UTF8 reason phrases got severely mangled by falling
  back to decoding using ISO 8859-1 instead.
• Fixed a bug where Requests would not correctly correlate cookies set when
  using custom Host headers if those Host headers did not use the native
  string type for the platform.

Miscellaneous

• Updated bundled urllib3 to 1.19.
• Updated bundled certifi certs to 2016.09.26.

2.11.1

+++++++++++++++++++

Bugfixes

• Fixed a bug when using iter_content with decode_unicode=True for
  streamed bodies would raise AttributeError. This bug was introduced in
  2.11.
• Strip Content-Type and Transfer-Encoding headers from the header block when
  following a redirect that transforms the verb from POST/PUT to GET.

2.11.0

+++++++++++++++++++

Improvements

• Added support for the ALL_PROXY environment variable.
• Reject header values that contain leading whitespace or newline characters to
  reduce risk of header smuggling.

Bugfixes

• Fixed occasional TypeError when attempting to decode a JSON response that
  occurred in an error case. Now correctly returns a ValueError.
• Requests would incorrectly ignore a non-CIDR IP address in the NO_PROXY
  environment variables: Requests now treats it as a specific IP.
• Fixed a bug when sending JSON data that could cause us to encounter obscure
  OpenSSL errors in certain network conditions (yes, really).
• Added type checks to ensure that iter_content only accepts integers and
  None for chunk sizes.
• Fixed issue where responses whose body had not been fully consumed would have
  the underlying connection closed but not returned to the connection pool,
  which could cause Requests to hang in situations where the HTTPAdapter
  had been configured to use a blocking connection pool.

Miscellaneous

• Updated bundled urllib3 to 1.16.
• Some previous releases accidentally accepted non-strings as acceptable header values. This release does not.

2.10.0

+++++++++++++++++++

New Features

• SOCKS Proxy Support! (requires PySocks; $ pip install requests[socks])

Miscellaneous

• Updated bundled urllib3 to 1.15.1.

2.9.2

++++++++++++++++++

Improvements

• Change built-in CaseInsensitiveDict (used for headers) to use OrderedDict
  as its underlying datastore.

Bugfixes

• Don't use redirect_cache if allow_redirects=False
• When passed objects that throw exceptions from tell(), send them via
  chunked transfer encoding instead of failing.
• Raise a ProxyError for proxy related connection issues.

2.9.1

++++++++++++++++++

Bugfixes

• Resolve regression introduced in 2.9.0 that made it impossible to send binary
  strings as bodies in Python 3.
• Fixed errors when calculating cookie expiration dates in certain locales.

Miscellaneous

• Updated bundled urllib3 to 1.13.1.

2.9.0

++++++++++++++++++

Minor Improvements (Backwards compatible)

• The verify keyword argument now supports being passed a path to a
  directory of CA certificates, not just a single-file bundle.
• Warnings are now emitted when sending files opened in text mode.
• Added the 511 Network Authentication Required status code to the status code
  registry.

Bugfixes

• For file-like objects that are not seeked to the very beginning, we now
  send the content length for the number of bytes we will actually read, rather
  than the total size of the file, allowing partial file uploads.
• When uploading file-like objects, if they are empty or have no obvious
  content length we set Transfer-Encoding: chunked rather than
  Content-Length: 0.
• We correctly receive the response in buffered mode when uploading chunked
  bodies.
• We now handle being passed a query string as a bytestring on Python 3, by
  decoding it as UTF-8.
• Sessions are now closed in all cases (exceptional and not) when using the
  functional API rather than leaking and waiting for the garbage collector to
  clean them up.
• Correctly handle digest auth headers with a malformed qop directive that
  contains no token, by treating it the same as if no qop directive was
  provided at all.
• Minor performance improvements when removing specific cookies by name.

Miscellaneous

• Updated urllib3 to 1.13.

2.8.1

++++++++++++++++++

Bugfixes

• Update certificate bundle to match certifi 2015.9.6.2's weak certificate
  bundle.
• Fix a bug in 2.8.0 where requests would raise ConnectTimeout instead of
  ConnectionError
• When using the PreparedRequest flow, requests will now correctly respect the
  json parameter. Broken in 2.8.0.
• When using the PreparedRequest flow, requests will now correctly handle a
  Unicode-string method name on Python 2. Broken in 2.8.0.

2.8.0

++++++++++++++++++

Minor Improvements (Backwards Compatible)

• Requests now supports per-host proxies. This allows the proxies
  dictionary to have entries of the form
  {'<scheme>://<hostname>': '<proxy>'}. Host-specific proxies will be used
  in preference to the previously-supported scheme-specific ones, but the
  previous syntax will continue to work.
• Response.raise_for_status now prints the URL that failed as part of the
  exception message.
• requests.utils.get_netrc_auth now takes an raise_errors kwarg,
  defaulting to False. When True, errors parsing .netrc files cause
  exceptions to be thrown.
• Change to bundled projects import logic to make it easier to unbundle
  requests downstream.
• Changed the default User-Agent string to avoid leaking data on Linux: now
  contains only the requests version.

Bugfixes

• The json parameter to post() and friends will now only be used if
  neither data nor files are present, consistent with the
  documentation.
• We now ignore empty fields in the NO_PROXY environment variable.
• Fixed problem where httplib.BadStatusLine would get raised if combining
  stream=True with contextlib.closing.
• Prevented bugs where we would attempt to return the same connection back to
  the connection pool twice when sending a Chunked body.
• Miscellaneous minor internal changes.
• Digest Auth support is now thread safe.

Updates

• Updated urllib3 to 1.12.

2.7.0

++++++++++++++++++

This is the first release that follows our new release process. For more, see
our documentation <http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/community/release-process/>_.

Bugfixes

• Updated urllib3 to 1.10.4, resolving several bugs involving chunked transfer
  encoding and response framing.

2.6.2

++++++++++++++++++

Bugfixes

• Fix regression where compressed data that was sent as chunked data was not
  properly decompressed. (2561)

2.6.1

++++++++++++++++++

Bugfixes

• Remove VendorAlias import machinery introduced in v2.5.2.

• Simplify the PreparedRequest.prepare API: We no longer require the user to
  pass an empty list to the hooks keyword argument. (c.f. 2552)

• Resolve redirects now receives and forwards all of the original arguments to
  the adapter. (2503)

• Handle UnicodeDecodeErrors when trying to deal with a unicode URL that
  cannot be encoded in ASCII. (2540)

• Populate the parsed path of the URI field when performing Digest
  Authentication. (2426)

• Copy a PreparedRequest's CookieJar more reliably when it is not an instance
  of RequestsCookieJar. (2527)

2.6.0

++++++++++++++++++

Bugfixes

• CVE-2015-2296: Fix handling of cookies on redirect. Previously a cookie
  without a host value set would use the hostname for the redirected URL
  exposing requests users to session fixation attacks and potentially cookie
  stealing. This was disclosed privately by Matthew Daley of
  BugFuzz <https://bugfuzz.com>_. This affects all versions of requests from
  v2.1.0 to v2.5.3 (inclusive on both ends).

• Fix error when requests is an install_requires dependency and python setup.py test is run. (2462)

• Fix error when urllib3 is unbundled and requests continues to use the
  vendored import location.

• Include fixes to urllib3's header handling.

• Requests' handling of unvendored dependencies is now more restrictive.

Features and Improvements

• Support bytearrays when passed as parameters in the files argument.
  (2468)

• Avoid data duplication when creating a request with str, bytes, or
  bytearray input to the files argument.

2.5.3

++++++++++++++++++

Bugfixes

• Revert changes to our vendored certificate bundle. For more context see
  (2455, 2456, and http://bugs.python.org/issue23476)

2.5.2

++++++++++++++++++

Features and Improvements

• Add sha256 fingerprint support. (shazow/urllib3540_)

• Improve the performance of headers. (shazow/urllib3544_)

Bugfixes

• Copy pip's import machinery. When downstream redistributors remove
  requests.packages.urllib3 the import machinery will continue to let those
  same symbols work. Example usage in requests' documentation and 3rd-party
  libraries relying on the vendored copies of urllib3 will work without having
  to fallback to the system urllib3.

• Attempt to quote parts of the URL on redirect if unquoting and then quoting
  fails. (2356)

• Fix filename type check for multipart form-data uploads. (2411)

• Properly handle the case where a server issuing digest authentication
  challenges provides both auth and auth-int qop-values. (2408)

• Fix a socket leak. (shazow/urllib3549_)

• Fix multiple Set-Cookie headers properly. (shazow/urllib3534_)

• Disable the built-in hostname verification. (shazow/urllib3526_)

• Fix the behaviour of decoding an exhausted stream. (shazow/urllib3535_)

Security

• Pulled in an updated cacert.pem.

• Drop RC4 from the default cipher list. (shazow/urllib3551_)

.. _shazow/urllib3551: urllib3/urllib3#551
.. _shazow/urllib3549: urllib3/urllib3#549
.. _shazow/urllib3544: urllib3/urllib3#544
.. _shazow/urllib3540: urllib3/urllib3#540
.. _shazow/urllib3535: urllib3/urllib3#535
.. _shazow/urllib3534: urllib3/urllib3#534
.. _shazow/urllib3526: urllib3/urllib3#526

2.5.1

++++++++++++++++++

Behavioural Changes

• Only catch HTTPErrors in raise_for_status (2382)

Bugfixes

• Handle LocationParseError from urllib3 (2344)
• Handle file-like object filenames that are not strings (2379)
• Unbreak HTTPDigestAuth handler. Allow new nonces to be negotiated (2389)

2.5.0

++++++++++++++++++

Improvements

• Allow usage of urllib3's Retry object with HTTPAdapters (2216)
• The iter_lines method on a response now accepts a delimiter with which
  to split the content (2295)

Behavioural Changes

• Add deprecation warnings to functions in requests.utils that will be removed
  in 3.0 (2309)
• Sessions used by the functional API are always closed (2326)
• Restrict requests to HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/1.0 (stop accepting HTTP/0.9) (2323)

Bugfixes

• Only parse the URL once (2353)
• Allow Content-Length header to always be overridden (2332)
• Properly handle files in HTTPDigestAuth (2333)
• Cap redirect_cache size to prevent memory abuse (2299)
• Fix HTTPDigestAuth handling of redirects after authenticating successfully
  (2253)
• Fix crash with custom method parameter to Session.request (2317)
• Fix how Link headers are parsed using the regular expression library (2271)

Documentation

• Add more references for interlinking (2348)
• Update CSS for theme (2290)
• Update width of buttons and sidebar (2289)
• Replace references of Gittip with Gratipay (2282)
• Add link to changelog in sidebar (2273)

2.4.3

++++++++++++++++++

Bugfixes

• Unicode URL improvements for Python 2.
• Re-order JSON param for backwards compat.
• Automatically defrag authentication schemes from host/pass URIs. (2249 <https://github.com/requests/requests/issues/2249>_)

2.4.2

++++++++++++++++++

Improvements

• FINALLY! Add json parameter for uploads! (2258 <https://github.com/requests/requests/pull/2258>_)
• Support for bytestring URLs on Python 3.x (2238 <https://github.com/requests/requests/pull/2238>_)

Bugfixes

• Avoid getting stuck in a loop (2244 <https://github.com/requests/requests/pull/2244>_)
• Multiple calls to iter* fail with unhelpful error. (2240 <https://github.com/requests/requests/issues/2240>, 2241 <https://github.com/requests/requests/issues/2241>)

Documentation

• Correct redirection introduction (2245 <https://github.com/requests/requests/pull/2245/>_)
• Added example of how to send multiple files in one request. (2227 <https://github.com/requests/requests/pull/2227/>_)
• Clarify how to pass a custom set of CAs (2248 <https://github.com/requests/requests/pull/2248/>_)

2.4.1

++++++++++++++++++

• Now has a "security" package extras set, $ pip install requests[security]
• Requests will now use Certifi if it is available.
• Capture and re-raise urllib3 ProtocolError
• Bugfix for responses that attempt to redirect to themselves forever (wtf?).

2.4.0

++++++++++++++++++

Behavioral Changes

• Connection: keep-alive header is now sent automatically.

Improvements

• Support for connect timeouts! Timeout now accepts a tuple (connect, read) which is used to set individual connect and read timeouts.
• Allow copying of PreparedRequests without headers/cookies.
• Updated bundled urllib3 version.
• Refactored settings loading from environment -- new Session.merge_environment_settings.
• Handle socket errors in iter_content.

2.3.0

++++++++++++++++++

API Changes

• New Response property is_redirect, which is true when the
  library could have processed this response as a redirection (whether
  or not it actually did).
• The timeout parameter now affects requests with both stream=True and
  stream=False equally.
• The change in v2.0.0 to mandate explicit proxy schemes has been reverted.
  Proxy schemes now default to http://.
• The CaseInsensitiveDict used for HTTP headers now behaves like a normal
  dictionary when references as string or viewed in the interpreter.

Bugfixes

• No longer expose Authorization or Proxy-Authorization headers on redirect.
  Fix CVE-2014-1829 and CVE-2014-1830 respectively.
• Authorization is re-evaluated each redirect.
• On redirect, pass url as native strings.
• Fall-back to autodetected encoding for JSON when Unicode detection fails.
• Headers set to None on the Session are now correctly not sent.
• Correctly honor decode_unicode even if it wasn't used earlier in the same
  response.
• Stop advertising compress as a supported Content-Encoding.
• The Response.history parameter is now always a list.
• Many, many urllib3 bugfixes.

2.2.1

++++++++++++++++++

Bugfixes

• Fixes incorrect parsing of proxy credentials that contain a literal or encoded '' character.
• Assorted urllib3 fixes.

2.2.0

++++++++++++++++++

API Changes

• New exception: ContentDecodingError. Raised instead of urllib3
DecodeError exceptions.

Bugfixes

• Avoid many many exceptions from the buggy implementation of proxy_bypass on OS X in Python 2.6.
• Avoid crashing when attempting to get authentication credentials from ~/.netrc when running as a user without a home directory.
• Use the correct pool size for pools of connections to proxies.
• Fix iteration of CookieJar objects.
• Ensure that cookies are persisted over redirect.
• Switch back to using chardet, since it has merged with charade.

2.1.0

++++++++++++++++++

• Updated CA Bundle, of course.
• Cookies set on individual Requests through a Session (e.g. via Session.get()) are no longer persisted to the Session.
• Clean up connections when we hit problems during chunked upload, rather than leaking them.
• Return connections to the pool when a chunked upload is successful, rather than leaking it.
• Match the HTTPbis recommendation for HTTP 301 redirects.
• Prevent hanging when using streaming uploads and Digest Auth when a 401 is received.
• Values of headers set by Requests are now always the native string type.
• Fix previously broken SNI support.
• Fix accessing HTTP proxies using proxy authentication.
• Unencode HTTP Basic usernames and passwords extracted from URLs.
• Support for IP address ranges for no_proxy environment variable
• Parse headers correctly when users override the default Host: header.
• Avoid munging the URL in case of case-sensitive servers.
• Looser URL handling for non-HTTP/HTTPS urls.
• Accept unicode methods in Python 2.6 and 2.7.
• More resilient cookie handling.
• Make Response objects pickleable.
• Actually added MD5-sess to Digest Auth instead of pretending to like last time.
• Updated internal urllib3.
• Fixed Lukasa's lack of taste.

Once you have closed this pull request, I'll create separate pull requests for every update as soon as I find them.

That's it for now!

Happy merging! 🤖