Bento is a project that encapsulates Packer templates for building Vagrant base boxes. We use these boxes internally at Chef Software, Inc. for testing Hosted Chef, Chef Server and our open source cookbooks via test-kitchen.
This project is managed by the CHEF Release Engineering team. For more information on the Release Engineering team's contribution, triage, and release process, please consult the CHEF Release Engineering OSS Management Guide.
The following boxes are built from this repository's templates for publicly available platforms and are currently hosted via Atlas in the bento organization.
| VirtualBox | VMware | Parallels | |
|---|---|---|---|
| centos-5.11 | x86_64 | x86_64 | x86_64 |
| centos-6.8 | x86_64 | x86_64 | x86_64 |
| centos-7.2 | x86_64 | x86_64 | x86_64 |
| debian-7.11 | amd64 | amd64 | amd64 |
| debian-8.5 | amd64 | amd64 | amd64 |
| fedora-23 | x86_64 | x86_64 | x86_64 |
| fedora-24 | x86_64 | x86_64 | x86_64 |
| freebsd-9.3 | amd64 | amd64 | amd64 |
| freebsd-10.3 | amd64 | amd64 | amd64 |
| opensuse-13.2 | x86_64 | x86_64 | x86_64 |
| ubuntu-12.04 | amd64 | amd64 | amd64 |
| ubuntu-14.04 | amd64 | amd64 | amd64 |
| ubuntu-15.10 | amd64 | amd64 | amd64 |
| ubuntu-16.04 | amd64 | amd64 | amd64 |
| VirtualBox | VMware | Parallels | |
|---|---|---|---|
| centos-5.11 | i386 | i386 | i386 |
| centos-6.8 | i386 | i386 | i386 |
| debian-7.11 | i386 | i386 | i386 |
| debian-8.5 | i386 | i386 | i386 |
| opensuse-13.2 | i386 | i386 | i386 |
| ubuntu-12.04 | i386 | i386 | i386 |
| ubuntu-14.04 | i386 | i386 | i386 |
| ubuntu-15.10 | i386 | i386 | i386 |
| ubuntu-16.04 | i386 | i386 | i386 |
NOTE This table tracks only the latest release for a given version. Boxes may exist in Atlas or S3 but are not guaranteed to be updated at this time.
- If you're using the Vagrant VMWare Fusion
provider, using
vagrant box add --provider vmware_desktop ...will work for these boxes. Using--provider vmware_fusion, will not. - The boxes are currently hosted on both Atlas and Amazon S3 to maintain backward compatibility with test-kitchen. Once test-kitchen changes defaults the S3 buckets will no longer be updated.
- Tooling versions
- Packer: 0.10.1
- VirtualBox: 5.0.26
- VMware Fusion: 8.1.1
- Parallels: 11.2.0
Recent Linux distributions use systemd's logic to predictably name network devices. In our scenario, this is tied to the PCI slot id. For unknown reasons, boxes built with the default vmx config provided by packer use a different PCI slot id (32 instead of 33) once they got imported to VMWare Fusion 8, which results in a different device name and finally in broken networking. This issue is documented in the following places:
As a workaround we've started to provide the changed PCI slot id as a custom value with the packer definitions with Ubuntu 15.10+ and Debian 8+. However this is not yet tested, may not solve the issue and/or break compatibility with other VMWare products/versions!
Older boxes include Chef and therefore are not compatible with some new plugins. The full list of old boxes are available in the old boxes file.
Adding a bento box to vagrant:
$ vagrant box add bento/debian-8.5
Using a bento box in a Vagrantfile:
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.box = "bento/debian-8.5"
end
- Packer
- At least one virtualization provider: Virtualbox, VMware Fusion, Parallels Desktop, etc
In the bin directory of this repo is the bento utility which wraps packer as well as allowing other related functionality.
This is an opinionated tool that the project uses for building the hosted boxes listed above.
To build multiple templates for all providers (VirtualBox, Fusion, Parallels, etc):
$ bin/bento build debian-8.5-amd64 debian-8.5-i386
To build a box for a single provider:
$ bin/bento build --only=virtualbox-iso debian-8.5-amd64
Templates can still be built directly by packer
To build a template for all providers (VirtualBox, Fusion, Parallels):
$ packer build debian-8.5-amd64.json
To build a template only for a list of specific providers:
$ packer build -only=virtualbox-iso debian-8.5-amd64.json
To build a template for all providers except a list of specific providers:
$ packer build -except=parallels-iso,vmware-iso debian-8.5-amd64.json
If you want to use a another mirror site, use the mirror user variable.
$ packer build -var 'mirror=http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/Linux/debian-cdimage/release' debian-8.5-amd64.json
Congratulations! You now have box(es) in the ../builds directory that you can then add to Vagrant and start testing cookbooks.
Notes:
- The box_basename can be overridden like other Packer vars with
-var 'box_basename=debian-8.5'
Mac OS X, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server templates are provided. However, their ISOs are not publicly retrievable and as such, the URLs in those templates are bogus. For RHEL and SLES, substitute a server where the ISOs are hosted, using the mirror variable as above.
To build a Mac OS X box, you will need to start with an installer for your desired version of OS X. You will then need to use Tim Sutton's osx-vm-templates/) to modify that installer for use by packer. The output of that build will include the location of the ISO and its checksum, which you can substitute into your packer build command, e.g.:
$ packer build -var 'iso_checksum=<checksum>' -var 'iso_url=<iso_url>' macosx-10.11.json
There is a known issue where test-kitchen starts a Mac OS X box correctly, but vagrant up fails due to the absence of the HGFS kernel module. This is due to a silent failure during the VMware tools installation and can be corrected by installing the VMware tools on the Mac OS X box manually.
Note that, while it is possible to build OS X boxes for VirtualBox, it may not be ideal. VirtualBox provides no "guest additions" for OS X. Boxes consequently have limited networking configurability and must rely on rsync for folder syncing. VMWare, when available, is generally preferred.
Currently the project does not include any definitions for building Windows boxes. For other approaches to building Windows boxes, please see the following community projects:
When building boxes from a Windows host system, you must ensure that kickstart configuration files (ks.cfg for RHEL
based systems) and preseed files (preseed.cfg for Debian based systems) have Unix line endings (i.e. lines end with
LF character only). Moreover, it's also a good idea to have *.sh scripts with Unix line endings too.
When these files have Windows line endings, the group creation can fail in the pre-seed phase and in turn, prevents the
user vagrant to be created correctly. This ultimately results in Packer not being able to connect to the newly booted
up machine with an error message that looks like this:
==> virtualbox-iso: Waiting for SSH to become available...
==> virtualbox-iso: Error waiting for SSH: handshake failed: ssh: unable to authenticate, attempted methods [none password], no support
Since Packer tries to log in with user vagrant but it was not created successfully in the pre-seed phase, it is unable
to connect to the machine and the packaging process stops.
By default, when cloning this repository, git should normalize ks.cfg, preseed.cfg and *.sh to Unix line endings
and *.bat to Windows line endings, thanks to the .gitattributes file in the repository. However, if
it's not the case because you have overridden line-ending conversion in your own git configuration, convert the offending files so they have the correct line endings.
Please use GitHub issues to report bugs, features, or other problems.
These basebox templates were converted from veewee definitions originally based on work done by Tim Dysinger to make "Don't Repeat Yourself" (DRY) modular baseboxes. Thanks Tim!
Mac OS X templates were adopted wholesale from Fletcher Nichol's packer templates.
- Author: Seth Chisamore (schisamo@chef.io)
- Author: Stephen Delano (stephen@chef.io)
- Author: Joshua Timberman (joshua@chef.io)
- Author: Tim Dysinger (tim@dysinger.net)
- Author: Chris McClimans (chris@hippiehacker.org)
- Author: Julian Dunn (jdunn@chef.io)
- Author: Tom Duffield (tom@chef.io)
- Author: Ross Timson (ross@rosstimson.com)
- Author: Fletcher Nichol (fnichol@nichol.ca)
Copyright 2012-2016, Chef Software, Inc. (<legal@chef.io>)
Copyright 2011-2012, Tim Dysinger (<tim@dysinger.net>)
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.