Return type of a function that calls an error throwing function

[anilanar]

TypeScript Version: 2.1.1

Code

function throwError(message: string): void {
  throw new Error(
    preprocess(message)
  );
}

// this function causes a compile error, obviously
// because it doesn't return a number
// but throwError surely throws an error so it doesn't matter
function foo(): number {
  throwError('message');
}

My use case is I'm writing some library code, where there's an interface as follows:

interface IFoo {
  foo(): number;
}

There are some modules implementing this interface, however foo is an optional method thus not all implementations will have foo method. When someone calls foo, instead of causing a Javascript error undefined is not a function, I'd prefer to throw a more descriptive error, preferably using throwError function.

I assume this would be tricky to implement.

[mhegazy]

never is the type you need for your thorw funciton, e.g.:

function throwError(message: string): never {
    throw new Error(message);
}

then you can just use this in you other function as such:

function foo(): number {
  return throwError('message');
}

never is assignable to all other types, so a function that never returns can substitute a function that returns any other value, number in this case.

[anilanar]

Cool thanks!

[ghost]

Quickly hijacking this issue for a short question. Does the explanation you gave, @mhegazy, imply one should add | never to the return types of a function if it's possible that it throws an error in one branch?

[mhegazy]

never is a type that u should not witness at runtime. It should never happen, hence the name.

So a function returns a number, that is the normal execution behavior, use that in return type annotation.

More in https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/basic-types.html#never

[JakeTunaley]

It's worth noting that calling a function with a return type of never doesn't behave the same as just throwing an error because of unassigned variable errors:

function throwError (msg: string): never {
    throw new Error('My custom error prefix: ' + msg);
}

let myString: string;
if (Math.random() < 0.5) {
    myString = 'hello world';
} else {
    throwError('hello error');
}
console.log(myString); // [ts] Variable 'myString' is used before being assigned.

So if you're doing something like the above, you'll need to return on every function that returns never:

let myString: string;
if (Math.random() < 0.5) {
    myString = 'hello world';
} else {
    return throwError('hello error');
}
console.log(myString); // No error

Be aware, however, that since you can't return in the global scope, I don't think there's anything you can do about the error in that case other than using the definite assignment assertion:

let myString!: string;
// ...
console.log(myString); // No error