Start migration of Phase Estimation kata

[tcNickolas]

• First two exercises match the last two exercises from classic Linear Algebra kata, and follow a similar approach for migrating it to Q#, replacing Python code with a hardcoded exercise
• Third exercise is 1.3 from classic PhaseEstimation kata, rewritten to work with Boolean checks rather than assertions.

Part 2 will include exercises 2.1 and 1.4 from classic PhaseEstimation kata and new (to katas) QPE algorithm theory and demo of its success probability

[github-actions]

Benchmark for fb76fea

Click to view benchmark

Test	Base	PR	%
Array append evaluation	341.1±2.81µs	340.5±2.01µs	-0.18%
Array literal evaluation	168.5±0.90µs	185.4±1.55µs	+10.03%
Array update evaluation	422.4±2.35µs	418.4±3.30µs	-0.95%
Core + Standard library compilation	20.9±0.05ms	21.1±0.22ms	+0.96%
Deutsch-Jozsa evaluation	5.0±0.06ms	5.0±0.06ms	0.00%
Large file parity evaluation	34.4±0.24ms	34.5±0.53ms	+0.29%
Large input file compilation	12.6±0.13ms	12.5±0.12ms	-0.79%
Large input file compilation (interpreter)	48.3±0.70ms	48.4±0.59ms	+0.21%
Large nested iteration	33.3±0.27ms	33.4±0.20ms	+0.30%
Perform Runtime Capabilities Analysis (RCA) on Deutsch-Jozsa sample	1559.1±29.37µs	1560.5±27.81µs	+0.09%
Perform Runtime Capabilities Analysis (RCA) on large file sample	7.7±0.04ms	7.7±0.06ms	0.00%
Perform Runtime Capabilities Analysis (RCA) on teleport sample	1416.2±26.10µs	1421.2±29.42µs	+0.35%
Perform Runtime Capabilities Analysis (RCA) on the core and std libraries	27.5±0.10ms	27.6±0.17ms	+0.36%
Teleport evaluation	92.1±3.29µs	92.0±3.74µs	-0.11%

[ScottCarda-MS]

Just a few suggestions, otherwise looks good.

[github-actions]

Benchmark for 922f2fb

Click to view benchmark

Test	Base	PR	%
Array append evaluation	337.9±11.57µs	338.7±1.99µs	+0.24%
Array literal evaluation	168.4±0.90µs	168.5±1.03µs	+0.06%
Array update evaluation	416.9±8.25µs	419.2±7.63µs	+0.55%
Core + Standard library compilation	22.9±0.69ms	21.5±0.45ms	-6.11%
Deutsch-Jozsa evaluation	4.9±0.05ms	5.0±0.05ms	+2.04%
Large file parity evaluation	34.5±0.80ms	34.7±0.74ms	+0.58%
Large input file compilation	13.0±0.40ms	13.2±0.36ms	+1.54%
Large input file compilation (interpreter)	50.7±1.34ms	50.0±1.22ms	-1.38%
Large nested iteration	33.3±2.13ms	33.4±0.24ms	+0.30%
Perform Runtime Capabilities Analysis (RCA) on Deutsch-Jozsa sample	1598.9±120.24µs	1582.3±45.99µs	-1.04%
Perform Runtime Capabilities Analysis (RCA) on large file sample	7.9±0.08ms	8.0±0.24ms	+1.27%
Perform Runtime Capabilities Analysis (RCA) on teleport sample	1450.5±88.78µs	1423.9±46.66µs	-1.83%
Perform Runtime Capabilities Analysis (RCA) on the core and std libraries	28.1±0.19ms	27.9±0.68ms	-0.71%
Teleport evaluation	91.9±3.39µs	93.0±5.04µs	+1.20%