[Port] Add comprehensive diagnostic logging to Schema Compare operations

[lewis-sanchez]

Description

This PR closes #20760

Original PR into main: #20756

Provide a clear, concise summary of the changes in this PR. What problem does it solve? Why is it needed? Link any related issues using issue closing keywords.

Code Changes Checklist

• New or updated unit tests added
• All existing tests pass (npm run test)
• Code follows contributing guidelines
• Telemetry/logging updated if relevant
• No regressions or UX breakage

Reviewers: Please read our reviewer guidelines

[github-actions]

PR Changes

Category	Target Branch	PR Branch	Difference
vscode-mssql VSIX	5261 KB	5264 KB	⚪ 3 KB ( 0% )
sql-database-projects VSIX	5668 KB	5668 KB	⚪ 0 KB ( 0% )

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 59.39394% with 67 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 65.85%. Comparing base (c6bdb75) to head (01abe61).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...ions/mssql/src/schemaCompare/schemaCompareUtils.ts	22.44%	38 Missing ⚠️
...rc/schemaCompare/schemaCompareWebViewController.ts	75.00%	22 Missing and 7 partials ⚠️

❌ Your patch status has failed because the patch coverage (59.39%) is below the target coverage (70.00%). You can increase the patch coverage or adjust the target coverage.

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##           release/1.38   #20761      +/-   ##
================================================
- Coverage         65.89%   65.85%   -0.05%     
================================================
  Files               210      210              
  Lines             19728    19886     +158     
  Branches           2535     2577      +42     
================================================
+ Hits              12999    13095      +96     
- Misses             6638     6695      +57     
- Partials             91       96       +5     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
...rc/schemaCompare/schemaCompareWebViewController.ts	58.61% <75.00%> (+2.66%)	⬆️
...ions/mssql/src/schemaCompare/schemaCompareUtils.ts	36.92% <22.44%> (-8.76%)	⬇️

... and 1 file with indirect coverage changes

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