Go ECS Benchmarks

Comparative benchmarks for Go Entity Component System (ECS) implementations.

Disclaimer: This repository is maintained by the author of Arche, an archetype-based ECS for Go.

Benchmark candidates

ECS	Type	Version
Arche	Archetype	v0.15.2
Donburi	Archetype	v1.15.6
ento	Sparse Set	v0.1.0
go-gameengine-ecs	Archetype	v0.9.0
unitoftime/ecs	Archetype	v0.0.3

Candidates are always displayed in alphabetical order.

In case you develop or use a Go ECS that is not in the list and that want to see here, please open an issue or make a pull request.

In case you are a developer or user of an implementation included here, feel free to check the benchmarked code for any possible improvements. Open an issue if you want a version update.

Benchmarks

Last run: Mon, 13 Jan 2025 00:07:46 UTC
CPU: AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor

For each benchmark, the left plot panel and the table show the time spent per entity, while the right panel shows the total time.

Note that the Y axis has logarithmic scale in all plots. So doubled bar or line height is not doubled time!

All components used in the benchmarks have two float64 fields. The initial capacity of the world is set to 1024 where this is supported.

Query

N entities with components Position and Velocity.

• Query all [Position, Velocity] entities, and add the velocity vector to the position vector.

N	Arche	Arche (cached)	Donburi	Ento	ggecs	uot
1	53.68ns	45.54ns	68.89ns	65.93ns	43.70ns	17.04ns
4	15.39ns	13.54ns	33.05ns	64.76ns	13.67ns	6.74ns
16	5.85ns	5.58ns	25.01ns	63.95ns	7.93ns	4.25ns
64	3.39ns	4.38ns	24.60ns	67.30ns	5.52ns	3.62ns
256	3.12ns	2.76ns	23.00ns	75.03ns	5.10ns	3.49ns
1k	2.66ns	2.68ns	22.79ns	83.70ns	5.01ns	3.48ns
16k	2.75ns	2.73ns	24.03ns	115.22ns	5.01ns	3.46ns
256k	2.74ns	2.74ns	24.81ns	159.08ns	5.01ns	3.45ns
1M	2.78ns	2.80ns	29.89ns	315.63ns	5.02ns	3.50ns

Query fragmented, inner

Query where the matching entities are fragmented over 32 archetypes.

N entities with components Position and Velocity. Each of these N entities has some combination of components C1, C2, ..., C5, so entities are fragmented over up to 32 archetypes.

• Query all [Position, Velocity] entities, and add the velocity vector to the position vector.

N	Arche	Arche (cached)	Donburi	Ento	ggecs	uot
1	51.52ns	48.52ns	68.61ns	65.42ns	43.33ns	16.76ns
4	22.79ns	17.65ns	38.86ns	64.45ns	17.95ns	14.67ns
16	16.51ns	9.76ns	33.37ns	62.50ns	11.84ns	20.08ns
64	9.59ns	6.18ns	27.43ns	65.84ns	8.29ns	11.79ns
256	4.66ns	3.76ns	24.58ns	75.08ns	5.65ns	5.53ns
1k	3.42ns	3.12ns	25.80ns	84.79ns	5.18ns	4.12ns
16k	2.90ns	2.88ns	32.09ns	115.50ns	5.05ns	3.62ns
256k	2.82ns	2.83ns	66.19ns	167.88ns	5.02ns	3.47ns
1M	2.84ns	2.85ns	102.38ns	292.20ns	5.02ns	3.50ns

Query fragmented, outer

Query where there are 256 non-matching archetypes.

N entities with components Position and Velocity. Another 4 * N entities with Position and some combination of 8 components C1, ..., C8, so these entities are fragmented over up to 256 archetypes.

• Query all [Position, Velocity] entities, and add the velocity vector to the position vector.

N	Arche	Arche (cached)	Donburi	Ento	ggecs	uot
1	61.02ns	46.00ns	71.90ns	76.39ns	53.01ns	16.78ns
4	27.38ns	13.60ns	33.10ns	77.61ns	24.85ns	7.36ns
16	18.61ns	5.50ns	24.89ns	74.77ns	18.67ns	4.38ns
64	16.07ns	3.37ns	22.76ns	79.72ns	17.48ns	3.78ns
256	6.12ns	2.78ns	22.74ns	86.33ns	8.16ns	3.65ns
1k	3.68ns	2.74ns	22.80ns	103.34ns	5.81ns	3.44ns
16k	2.76ns	2.75ns	23.35ns	127.83ns	5.07ns	3.47ns
256k	2.73ns	2.74ns	25.67ns	286.54ns	5.01ns	3.46ns
1M	2.74ns	2.77ns	28.93ns	365.01ns	5.02ns	3.48ns

Component random access

N entities with component Position. All entities are collected into a slice, and the slice is shuffled.

• Iterate the shuffled entities.
• For each entity, get its Position and sum up their X fields.

Ento is left out here, as component access for a specific entity seems broken (see issue ento/#2).

N	Arche	Donburi	ggecs	uot
1	2.49ns	8.21ns	9.01ns	33.57ns
4	2.30ns	8.06ns	8.88ns	33.85ns
16	2.25ns	8.10ns	11.97ns	32.96ns
64	2.23ns	8.09ns	12.08ns	36.83ns
256	2.25ns	8.70ns	12.10ns	37.74ns
1k	2.53ns	11.93ns	13.23ns	37.83ns
16k	5.90ns	39.40ns	36.44ns	55.61ns
256k	6.96ns	83.58ns	40.77ns	73.05ns
1M	35.72ns	223.32ns	121.70ns	195.58ns

Create entities

• Create N entities with components Position and Velocity.

The operation is performed once before benchmarking, to exclude things like archetype creation and memory allocation. See the benchmark below for entity creation with allocation.

N	Arche	Arche (batch)	Donburi	Ento	ggecs	uot
1	232.83ns	281.90ns	1.07us	1.16us	316.65ns	379.93ns
4	84.23ns	73.81ns	514.73ns	612.13ns	157.42ns	189.95ns
16	49.87ns	23.99ns	341.85ns	416.09ns	148.16ns	135.74ns
64	37.45ns	13.55ns	291.24ns	333.28ns	112.97ns	117.19ns
256	33.82ns	10.83ns	239.23ns	295.62ns	108.81ns	85.80ns
1k	30.63ns	10.07ns	221.68ns	299.14ns	94.90ns	259.30ns
16k	26.40ns	8.36ns	234.81ns	328.49ns	108.49ns	274.28ns
256k	26.90ns	8.16ns	227.35ns	418.23ns	107.97ns	347.15ns
1M	27.05ns	8.18ns	238.31ns	502.74ns	174.53ns	389.69ns

Create entities, allocating

• Create N entities with components Position and Velocity.

Each round is performed on a fresh world. Thus, low N values might be biased by things like archetype creation and memory allocation, which may be handled differently by different implementations. See the benchmark above for entity creation without allocation.

N	Arche	Arche (batch)	Donburi	Ento	ggecs	uot
1	7.92us	7.94us	4.24us	1.46us	34.56us	3.02us
4	2.04us	2.00us	1.32us	652.44ns	8.23us	1.02us
16	533.65ns	499.85ns	667.05ns	473.42ns	2.44us	373.26ns
64	158.11ns	136.81ns	443.14ns	403.16ns	909.86ns	224.53ns
256	66.63ns	43.20ns	339.62ns	331.19ns	403.96ns	165.64ns
1k	45.22ns	25.11ns	307.20ns	304.97ns	229.15ns	148.85ns
16k	60.98ns	17.65ns	422.54ns	547.09ns	243.79ns	175.11ns
256k	127.21ns	21.86ns	504.42ns	705.97ns	656.11ns	244.40ns
1M	144.41ns	21.08ns	483.61ns	732.32ns	1.41us	311.11ns

Create large entities

• Create N entities with 10 components C1, ..., C10.

The operation is performed once before benchmarking, to exclude things like archetype creation and memory allocation.

N	Arche	Arche (batch)	Donburi	Ento	ggecs	uot
1	381.45ns	405.97ns	2.19us	2.36us	466.82ns	641.74ns
4	163.75ns	116.45ns	1.55us	1.57us	270.86ns	379.09ns
16	108.75ns	34.12ns	1.13us	1.31us	242.79ns	306.33ns
64	90.91ns	18.02ns	837.06ns	1.03us	199.16ns	250.48ns
256	83.45ns	11.26ns	787.92ns	1.07us	151.71ns	221.65ns
1k	79.70ns	9.46ns	787.46ns	1.17us	147.08ns	506.25ns
16k	75.93ns	8.26ns	838.31ns	1.35us	169.46ns	491.60ns
256k	76.07ns	8.21ns	831.76ns	2.31us	222.17ns	655.17ns
1M	77.12ns	8.20ns	741.33ns	2.36us	234.25ns	677.30ns

Add/remove component

N entities with component Position.

• Query all [Position] entities and add Velocity.
• Query all [Position, Velocity] entities and remove Velocity.

One iteration is performed before the benchmarking starts, to exclude memory allocation.

N	Arche	Arche (batch)	Donburi	Ento	ggecs	uot
1	205.78ns	544.95ns	549.77ns	108.83ns	555.97ns	390.28ns
4	154.51ns	149.45ns	491.03ns	105.77ns	529.49ns	366.09ns
16	130.20ns	57.24ns	485.23ns	102.25ns	562.38ns	350.18ns
64	115.89ns	26.75ns	471.75ns	105.10ns	556.61ns	368.09ns
256	113.05ns	10.37ns	468.26ns	111.19ns	560.19ns	380.73ns
1k	114.87ns	7.21ns	470.07ns	119.95ns	570.46ns	751.55ns
16k	113.26ns	7.27ns	510.32ns	135.51ns	583.30ns	807.56ns
256k	115.15ns	8.23ns	507.59ns	158.14ns	631.06ns	1.04us
1M	117.95ns	9.86ns	506.28ns	212.29ns	808.20ns	1.33us

Add/remove component, large entity

N entities with component Position and 10 further components C1, ..., C10.

• Query all [Position] entities and add Velocity.
• Query all [Position, Velocity] entities and remove Velocity.

One iteration is performed before the benchmarking starts, to exclude memory allocation.

N	Arche	Arche (batch)	Donburi	Ento	ggecs	uot
1	513.13ns	863.67ns	1.19us	107.63ns	982.02ns	870.16ns
4	482.15ns	275.84ns	1.13us	109.06ns	999.90ns	857.10ns
16	477.54ns	145.68ns	1.09us	100.57ns	1.00us	839.46ns
64	448.01ns	97.92ns	1.08us	107.79ns	1.02us	863.01ns
256	447.83ns	34.67ns	1.10us	110.28ns	977.82ns	910.66ns
1k	452.44ns	18.56ns	1.16us	120.14ns	985.69ns	1.46us
16k	469.08ns	21.25ns	1.26us	130.90ns	1.03us	1.51us
256k	596.94ns	39.15ns	1.40us	171.65ns	1.32us	1.79us
1M	569.66ns	43.66ns	1.44us	228.90ns	1.50us	2.01us

Delete entities

N entities with components Position and Velocity.

• Delete all entities

N	Arche	Arche (batch)	Donburi	Ento	ggecs	uot
1	179.64ns	655.92ns	264.53ns	409.83ns	350.76ns	186.59ns
4	84.88ns	194.43ns	109.26ns	209.99ns	180.04ns	84.40ns
16	53.65ns	61.05ns	63.82ns	132.67ns	146.55ns	53.82ns
64	42.39ns	29.76ns	54.97ns	107.89ns	113.58ns	42.13ns
256	41.92ns	11.80ns	51.84ns	120.93ns	111.96ns	44.26ns
1k	33.71ns	7.13ns	45.54ns	123.60ns	105.66ns	34.90ns
16k	33.02ns	6.94ns	46.02ns	144.35ns	111.78ns	48.51ns
256k	32.92ns	7.41ns	49.05ns	292.88ns	161.09ns	108.54ns
1M	32.97ns	7.93ns	61.30ns	353.08ns	234.54ns	211.21ns

Delete large entities

N entities with 10 components C1, ..., C10.

• Delete all entities

N	Arche	Arche (batch)	Donburi	Ento	ggecs	uot
1	233.79ns	643.56ns	405.71ns	995.89ns	535.12ns	171.71ns
4	158.80ns	184.86ns	209.80ns	634.32ns	270.82ns	75.87ns
16	130.22ns	59.33ns	157.38ns	545.30ns	283.95ns	52.35ns
64	120.24ns	27.29ns	147.41ns	524.64ns	248.39ns	44.49ns
256	117.38ns	11.31ns	116.55ns	601.05ns	177.92ns	43.84ns
1k	104.89ns	7.86ns	138.79ns	649.77ns	178.73ns	34.06ns
16k	105.78ns	6.63ns	136.54ns	782.35ns	181.50ns	48.46ns
256k	119.14ns	6.88ns	153.83ns	1.72us	301.13ns	105.77ns
1M	113.10ns	7.99ns	119.87ns	1.87us	354.10ns	244.57ns

Create world

• Create a new world
• Register two components (if applicable)

N	Arche	Donburi	Ento	ggecs	uot
1	9.76us	6.51us	65.15us	102.31us	2.34us

Popularity

Given that all tested projects are on Github, we can use the star history as a proxy here.

Running the benchmarks

Run the benchmarks using the following command:

go run . -test.benchtime=0.25s

On PowerShell use this instead:
go run . --% -test.benchtime=0.25s

The benchtime limit is required for some of the benchmarks that have a high setup cost which is not timed. They would take forever otherwise. The benchmarks can take up to one hour to complete.

To run a selection of benchmarks, add their names as arguments:

go run . query2comp query1in10 query32arch

To create the plots, run plot/plot.py. The following packages are required:

• numpy
• pandas
• matplotlib

pip install -r ./plot/requirements.txt
python plot/plot.py