Update Kani version to 0.40.0

[adpaco-aws]

Update dependencies via cargo update, the changelog, and versions in Kani crates.

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache 2.0 and MIT licenses.

[adpaco-aws]

For your reference, the auto-generated release notes were:

## What's Changed
* Automatic toolchain upgrade to nightly-2023-10-18 by @github-actions in https://github.com/model-checking/kani/pull/2829
* Upgrade `tracing` dependency by @adpaco-aws in https://github.com/model-checking/kani/pull/2834
* Ease setup in Amazon Linux 2 by @adpaco-aws in https://github.com/model-checking/kani/pull/2833
* Update ahash dependency by @jaisnan in https://github.com/model-checking/kani/pull/2836
* Automatic toolchain upgrade to nightly-2023-10-19 by @github-actions in https://github.com/model-checking/kani/pull/2831
* Update our CI to run on MacOS 12 instead of 11 by @celinval in https://github.com/model-checking/kani/pull/2828
* Automatic toolchain upgrade to nightly-2023-10-20 by @github-actions in https://github.com/model-checking/kani/pull/2838
* Create workflow Kani Extra for checks that run conditionally on labels by @celinval in https://github.com/model-checking/kani/pull/2837
* Unify Kani bundle CI jobs by @celinval in https://github.com/model-checking/kani/pull/2841
* Run regression tests on Apple Silicon runners, only on changes to `main` by @adpaco-aws in https://github.com/model-checking/kani/pull/2845
* Propogate backend options into goto-synthesizer by @qinheping in https://github.com/model-checking/kani/pull/2643
* Update CBMC version to 5.95.1 by @adpaco-aws in https://github.com/model-checking/kani/pull/2844
* Fix issues and Update toolchain 10-26 by @jaisnan in https://github.com/model-checking/kani/pull/2843
* Update Rust toolchain to `nightly-2023-10-31` by @adpaco-aws in https://github.com/model-checking/kani/pull/2846


**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/model-checking/kani/compare/kani-0.39.0...0.40.0