Rework for supporting ESP-IDF 5 and Catch2 v3

[5p4k]

The latest version of Catch2 has a compiled component. This means that

1. the target must be updated to download as well a cpp file
2. there is no more need for the -Wl,--whole-archive option (which is now available as an option of idf_component_register as well)
3. there is no need to bundle the tests into a separate component in order to use --whole-archive only on the tests.

ESP-IDF as well got updated, and now starting from version 4 there is no more legacy makefile support, so I removed that; stack size also had to be increased a little more.

The options CATCH_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS and CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS are still necessary, so I created a wrapping header that sets them before including catch_amalgamated.hpp (they also had to be set as compile flags).