docs: prepare ngx to be published to crates.io

Cargo.toml

@@ -9,7 +9,12 @@ name = "ngx"
 version = "0.3.0-beta"
 edition = "2021"
 autoexamples = false
+categories = ["api-bindings", "network-programming"]
+description = "FFI bindings to NGINX"
+repository = "https://github.com/nginxinc/ngx-rust"
+homepage = "https://github.com/nginxinc/ngx-rust"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
+keywords = ["nginx", "module", "sys"]
 
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
@@ -23,3 +28,6 @@ duct = "0.13.6"
 ureq = { version = "2.6.2", features = ["tls"] }
 flate2 = "1.0.25"
 tar = "0.4.38"
+
+[badges]
+maintenance = { status = "experimental" }

README.md

@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ In short, this SDK allows writing NGINX modules using the Rust language.
 
 ## Build
 
-NGINX modules can be build against a particular version of NGINX. The following environment variables can be used to
-specify particular version of NGINX or an NGINX dependency:
+NGINX modules can be built against a particular version of NGINX. The following environment variables can be used to specify a particular version of NGINX or an NGINX dependency:
 
 * `ZLIB_VERSION` (default 1.2.13) -
 * `PCRE2_VERSION` (default 10.42)

examples/README.md

@@ -1,14 +1,65 @@
+- [Examples](#examples)
+  - [CURL](#curl)
+  - [AWSSIG](#awssig)
+  - [HTTPORIGDST  - NGINX Destination IP recovery module for HTTP](#httporigdst----nginx-destination-ip-recovery-module-for-http)
+    - [Dependencies](#dependencies)
+    - [Example Configuration](#example-configuration)
+      - [HTTP](#http)
+    - [Embedded Variables](#embedded-variables)
+    - [Usage](#usage)
+    - [Caveats](#caveats)
+
+
 # Examples
+This crate provides a couple of example using [ngx](https://crates.io/crates/ngx) crate:
+
+- [awssig.rs](./awssig.rs) - An example of NGINX dynamic module that can sign GET request using AWS Signature v4.
+- [curl](./curl.rs) - An example of the Access Phase NGINX dynamic module that blocks HTTP requests if `user-agent` header starts with `curl`.
+- [httporigdst](./httporigdst.rs) - A dynamic module recovers the original IP address and port number of the destination packet.
+
+To build all these examples simply run:
+
+```
+cargo build --package=examples --examples
+```
+
+
+## CURL
+
+This module demonstrates how to create a minimal dynamic module with `http_request_handler`, that checks for User-Agent headers and returns status code 403 if UA starts with `curl`, if a module is disabled then uses `core::Status::NGX_DECLINED` to indicate the operation is rejected, for example, because it is disabled in the configuration (`curl off`). Additionally, it demonstrates how to write a defective parser.
+
+An example of nginx configuration file that uses that module can be found at [curl.conf](./curl.conf).
 
-## NGINX Destination IP recovery module for HTTP
+How to build and run in a [Docker](../Dockerfile) container curl example:
+```
+# build all dynamic modules examples and specify NGINX version to use
+docker buildx build --build-arg NGX_VERSION=1.23.3 -t ngx-rust .
+
+# start NGINX using curl.conf module example:
+docker run --rm -d  -p 8000:8000 ngx-rust nginx -c examples/curl.conf
+
+# test it - you should see 403 Forbidden
+curl http://127.0.0.1:8000 -v -H "user-agent: curl"
+
+
+# test it - you should see 404 Not Found
+curl http://127.0.0.1:8000 -v -H "user-agent: foo"
+```
 
-This dynamic module recovers original IP address and port number of the destination packet. It is useful, for example, with container sidecars where all outgoing traffic is redirected to a separate container with iptables before reaching the target.
+## AWSSIG
+
+This module uses [NGX_HTTP_PRECONTENT_PHASE](https://nginx.org/en/docs/dev/development_guide.html#http_phases) and provides examples, of how to use external dependency and manipulate HTTP headers before sending client requests upstream.
+
+An example of nginx configuration file that uses that module can be found at [awssig.conf](./awssig.conf).
+
+## HTTPORIGDST  - NGINX Destination IP recovery module for HTTP
+
+This dynamic module recovers the original IP address and port number of the destination packet. It is useful, for example, with container sidecars where all outgoing traffic is redirected to a separate container with iptables before reaching the target.
 
 This module can only be built with the "linux" feature enabled, and will only successfully build on a Linux OS.
 
 ### Dependencies
-
-This modules uses the Rust crate libc and Linux **getsockopt** socket API.
+This module uses the Rust crate libc and Linux **getsockopt** socket API.
 
 ### Example Configuration
 #### HTTP

src/core/buffer.rs

@@ -2,16 +2,27 @@ use crate::ffi::*;
 
 use std::slice;
 
+/// The `Buffer` trait provides methods for working with an nginx buffer (`ngx_buf_t`).
 pub trait Buffer {
+    /// Returns a raw pointer to the underlying `ngx_buf_t` of the buffer.
     fn as_ngx_buf(&self) -> *const ngx_buf_t;
 
+    /// Returns a mutable raw pointer to the underlying `ngx_buf_t` of the buffer.
     fn as_ngx_buf_mut(&mut self) -> *mut ngx_buf_t;
 
+    /// Returns the buffer contents as a byte slice.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    /// This function is marked as unsafe because it involves raw pointer manipulation.
     fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
         let buf = self.as_ngx_buf();
         unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts((*buf).pos, self.len()) }
     }
 
+    /// Returns the length of the buffer contents.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    /// This function is marked as unsafe because it involves raw pointer manipulation.
     fn len(&self) -> usize {
         let buf = self.as_ngx_buf();
         unsafe {
@@ -22,17 +33,28 @@ pub trait Buffer {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Returns `true` if the buffer is empty, i.e., it has zero length.
     fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
         self.len() == 0
     }
 
+    /// Sets the `last_buf` flag of the buffer.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `last` - A boolean indicating whether the buffer is the last buffer in a request.
     fn set_last_buf(&mut self, last: bool) {
         let buf = self.as_ngx_buf_mut();
         unsafe {
             (*buf).set_last_buf(if last { 1 } else { 0 });
         }
     }
 
+    /// Sets the `last_in_chain` flag of the buffer.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `last` - A boolean indicating whether the buffer is the last buffer in a chain of buffers.
     fn set_last_in_chain(&mut self, last: bool) {
         let buf = self.as_ngx_buf_mut();
         unsafe {
@@ -41,52 +63,75 @@ pub trait Buffer {
     }
 }
 
+/// The `MutableBuffer` trait extends the `Buffer` trait and provides methods for working with a mutable buffer.
 pub trait MutableBuffer: Buffer {
+    /// Returns a mutable reference to the buffer contents as a byte slice.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    /// This function is marked as unsafe because it involves raw pointer manipulation.
     fn as_bytes_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
         let buf = self.as_ngx_buf_mut();
         unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut((*buf).pos, self.len()) }
     }
 }
 
+/// Wrapper struct for a temporary buffer, providing methods for working with an `ngx_buf_t`.
 pub struct TemporaryBuffer(*mut ngx_buf_t);
 
 impl TemporaryBuffer {
+    /// Creates a new `TemporaryBuffer` from an `ngx_buf_t` pointer.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// Panics if the given buffer pointer is null.
     pub fn from_ngx_buf(buf: *mut ngx_buf_t) -> TemporaryBuffer {
         assert!(!buf.is_null());
         TemporaryBuffer(buf)
     }
 }
 
 impl Buffer for TemporaryBuffer {
+    /// Returns the underlying `ngx_buf_t` pointer as a raw pointer.
     fn as_ngx_buf(&self) -> *const ngx_buf_t {
         self.0
     }
 
+    /// Returns a mutable reference to the underlying `ngx_buf_t` pointer.
     fn as_ngx_buf_mut(&mut self) -> *mut ngx_buf_t {
         self.0
     }
 }
 
 impl MutableBuffer for TemporaryBuffer {
+    /// Returns a mutable reference to the buffer contents as a byte slice.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    /// This function is marked as unsafe because it involves raw pointer manipulation.
     fn as_bytes_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
         unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut((*self.0).pos, self.len()) }
     }
 }
 
+/// Wrapper struct for a memory buffer, providing methods for working with an `ngx_buf_t`.
 pub struct MemoryBuffer(*mut ngx_buf_t);
 
 impl MemoryBuffer {
+    /// Creates a new `MemoryBuffer` from an `ngx_buf_t` pointer.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// Panics if the given buffer pointer is null.
     pub fn from_ngx_buf(buf: *mut ngx_buf_t) -> MemoryBuffer {
         assert!(!buf.is_null());
         MemoryBuffer(buf)
     }
 }
 
 impl Buffer for MemoryBuffer {
+    /// Returns the underlying `ngx_buf_t` pointer as a raw pointer.
     fn as_ngx_buf(&self) -> *const ngx_buf_t {
         self.0
     }
 
+    /// Returns a mutable reference to the underlying `ngx_buf_t` pointer.
     fn as_ngx_buf_mut(&mut self) -> *mut ngx_buf_t {
         self.0
     }

src/core/mod.rs

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ macro_rules! ngx_http_null_variable {
 ///
 /// This is typically used to terminate an array of Stream variable types.
 ///
-/// [`ngx_stream_variable_t`]: TODO: find appropriate link
+/// [`ngx_stream_variable_t`]: https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/1a8ef991d92d22eb8aded7f49595dd31a639e8a4/src/stream/ngx_stream_variables.h#L21
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! ngx_stream_null_variable {
     () => {