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# v1.4.0 - yyyy-mm-dd | ||
# v1.6.x - yyyy-mm-dd | ||
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## Standard library additions and changes | ||
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- Added some enhancements to `std/jsonutils` module. | ||
* Added a possibility to deserialize JSON arrays directly to `HashSet` and | ||
`OrderedSet` types and respectively to serialize those types to JSON arrays | ||
via `jsonutils.fromJson` and `jsonutils.toJson` procedures. | ||
* Added a possibility to deserialize JSON `null` objects to Nim option objects | ||
and respectively to serialize Nim option object to JSON object if `isSome` | ||
or to JSON null object if `isNone` via `jsonutils.fromJson` and | ||
`jsonutils.toJson` procedures. | ||
* Added `Joptions` parameter to `jsonutils.fromJson` procedure currently | ||
containing two boolean options `allowExtraKeys` and `allowMissingKeys`. | ||
- If `allowExtraKeys` is `true` Nim's object to which the JSON is parsed is | ||
not required to have a field for every JSON key. | ||
- If `allowMissingKeys` is `true` Nim's object to which JSON is parsed is | ||
allowed to have fields without corresponding JSON keys. | ||
- Added `bindParams`, `bindParam` to `db_sqlite` for binding parameters into a `SqlPrepared` statement. | ||
- Added `tryInsert`,`insert` procs to `db_*` libs accept primary key column name. | ||
- Added `xmltree.newVerbatimText` support create `style`'s,`script`'s text. | ||
- `uri` adds Data URI Base64, implements RFC-2397. | ||
- Added [DOM Parser](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMParser) | ||
to the `dom` module for the JavaScript target. | ||
- The default hash for `Ordinal` has changed to something more bit-scrambling. | ||
`import hashes; proc hash(x: myInt): Hash = hashIdentity(x)` recovers the old | ||
one in an instantiation context while `-d:nimIntHash1` recovers it globally. | ||
- `deques.peekFirst` and `deques.peekLast` now have `var Deque[T] -> var T` overloads. | ||
- File handles created from high-level abstractions in the stdlib will no longer | ||
be inherited by child processes. In particular, these modules are affected: | ||
`asyncdispatch`, `asyncnet`, `system`, `nativesockets`, `net` and `selectors`. | ||
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For `asyncdispatch`, `asyncnet`, `net` and `nativesockets`, an `inheritable` | ||
flag has been added to all `proc`s that create sockets, allowing the user to | ||
control whether the resulting socket is inheritable. This flag is provided to | ||
ease the writing of multi-process servers, where sockets inheritance is | ||
desired. | ||
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For a transition period, define `nimInheritHandles` to enable file handle | ||
inheritance by default. This flag does **not** affect the `selectors` module | ||
due to the differing semantics between operating systems. | ||
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`asyncdispatch.setInheritable`, `system.setInheritable` and | ||
`nativesockets.setInheritable` is also introduced for setting file handle or | ||
socket inheritance. Not all platform have these `proc`s defined. | ||
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- The file descriptors created for internal bookkeeping by `ioselector_kqueue` | ||
and `ioselector_epoll` will no longer be leaked to child processes. | ||
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- `strutils.formatFloat` with `precision = 0` has been restored to the version | ||
1 behaviour that produces a trailing dot, e.g. `formatFloat(3.14159, precision = 0)` | ||
is now `3.`, not `3`. | ||
- `critbits` adds `commonPrefixLen`. | ||
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- `relativePath(rel, abs)` and `relativePath(abs, rel)` used to silently give wrong results | ||
(see #13222); instead they now use `getCurrentDir` to resolve those cases, | ||
and this can now throw in edge cases where `getCurrentDir` throws. | ||
`relativePath` also now works for js with `-d:nodejs`. | ||
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- JavaScript and NimScript standard library changes: `streams.StringStream` is | ||
now supported in JavaScript, with the limitation that any buffer `pointer`s | ||
used must be castable to `ptr string`, any incompatible pointer type will not | ||
work. The `lexbase` and `streams` modules used to fail to compile on | ||
NimScript due to a bug, but this has been fixed. | ||
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The following modules now compile on both JS and NimScript: `parsecsv`, | ||
`parsecfg`, `parsesql`, `xmlparser`, `htmlparser` and `ropes`. Additionally | ||
supported for JS is `cstrutils.startsWith` and `cstrutils.endsWith`, for | ||
NimScript: `json`, `parsejson`, `strtabs` and `unidecode`. | ||
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- Added `streams.readStr` and `streams.peekStr` overloads to | ||
accept an existing string to modify, which avoids memory | ||
allocations, similar to `streams.readLine` (#13857). | ||
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- Added high-level `asyncnet.sendTo` and `asyncnet.recvFrom` UDP functionality. | ||
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- `dollars.$` now works for unsigned ints with `nim js` | ||
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- Improvements to the `bitops` module, including bitslices, non-mutating versions | ||
of the original masking functions, `mask`/`masked`, and varargs support for | ||
`bitand`, `bitor`, and `bitxor`. | ||
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- `sugar.=>` and `sugar.->` changes: Previously `(x, y: int)` was transformed | ||
into `(x: auto, y: int)`, it now becomes `(x: int, y: int)` in consistency | ||
with regular proc definitions (although you cannot use semicolons). | ||
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Pragmas and using a name are now allowed on the lefthand side of `=>`. Here | ||
is an aggregate example of these changes: | ||
```nim | ||
import sugar | ||
foo(x, y: int) {.noSideEffect.} => x + y | ||
# is transformed into | ||
proc foo(x: int, y: int): auto {.noSideEffect.} = x + y | ||
``` | ||
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- The fields of `times.DateTime` are now private, and are accessed with getters and deprecated setters. | ||
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- The `times` module now handles the default value for `DateTime` more consistently. | ||
Most procs raise an assertion error when given | ||
an uninitialized `DateTime`, the exceptions are `==` and `$` (which returns `"Uninitialized DateTime"`). | ||
The proc `times.isInitialized` has been added which can be used to check if | ||
a `DateTime` has been initialized. | ||
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- Fix a bug where calling `close` on io streams in osproc.startProcess was a noop and led to | ||
hangs if a process had both reads from stdin and writes (eg to stdout). | ||
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- The callback that is passed to `system.onThreadDestruction` must now be `.raises: []`. | ||
- The callback that is assigned to `system.onUnhandledException` must now be `.gcsafe`. | ||
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- `osproc.execCmdEx` now takes an optional `input` for stdin, `workingDir` and `env` | ||
parameters. | ||
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- Added a `ssl_config` module containing lists of secure ciphers as recommended by | ||
[Mozilla OpSec](https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS) | ||
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- `net.newContext` now defaults to the list of ciphers targeting | ||
["Intermediate compatibility"](https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Intermediate_compatibility_.28recommended.29) | ||
per Mozilla's recommendation instead of `ALL`. This change should protect | ||
users from the use of weak and insecure ciphers while still provides | ||
adequate compatibility with the majority of the Internet. | ||
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- A new module `std/jsonutils` with hookable `jsonTo,toJson,fromJson` operations for json | ||
serialization/deserialization of custom types was added. | ||
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- A new proc `heapqueue.find[T](heap: HeapQueue[T], x: T): int` to get index of element ``x`` | ||
was added. | ||
- Added `rstgen.rstToLatex` convenience proc for `renderRstToOut` and `initRstGenerator` | ||
with `outLatex` output. | ||
- Added `os.normalizeExe`, e.g.: `koch` => `./koch`. | ||
- `macros.newLit` now preserves named vs unnamed tuples; use `-d:nimHasWorkaround14720` | ||
to keep old behavior. | ||
- Added `random.gauss`, that uses the ratio of uniforms method of sampling from a Gaussian distribution. | ||
- Added `typetraits.elementType` to get element type of an iterable. | ||
- `typetraits.$` changes: `$(int,)` is now `"(int,)"` instead of `"(int)"`; | ||
`$tuple[]` is now `"tuple[]"` instead of `"tuple"`; | ||
`$((int, float), int)` is now `"((int, float), int)"` instead of `"(tuple of (int, float), int)"` | ||
- Added `macros.extractDocCommentsAndRunnables` helper | ||
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- `strformat.fmt` and `strformat.&` support `= specifier`. `fmt"{expr=}"` now | ||
expands to `fmt"expr={expr}"`. | ||
- deprecations: `os.existsDir` => `dirExists`, `os.existsFile` => `fileExists` | ||
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- Added `jsre` module, [Regular Expressions for the JavaScript target.](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions) | ||
- Made `maxLines` argument `Positive` in `logging.newRollingFileLogger`, | ||
because negative values will result in a new file being created for each logged | ||
line which doesn't make sense. | ||
- Changed `log` in `logging` to use proper log level on JavaScript target, | ||
e.g. `debug` uses `console.debug`, `info` uses `console.info`, `warn` uses `console.warn`, etc. | ||
- Tables, HashSets, SharedTables and deques don't require anymore that the passed | ||
initial size must be a power of two - this is done internally. | ||
Proc `rightSize` for Tables and HashSets is deprecated, as it is not needed anymore. | ||
`CountTable.inc` takes `val: int` again not `val: Positive`; I.e. it can "count down" again. | ||
- Removed deprecated symbols from `macros` module, deprecated as far back as `0.15`. | ||
- Removed `sugar.distinctBase`, deprecated since `0.19`. | ||
- Export `asyncdispatch.PDispatcher.handles` so that an external library can register them. | ||
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- `std/with`, `sugar.dup` now support object field assignment expression: | ||
```nim | ||
import std/with | ||
type Foo = object | ||
x, y: int | ||
var foo = Foo() | ||
with foo: | ||
x = 10 | ||
y = 20 | ||
echo foo | ||
``` | ||
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- Proc `math.round` is no longer deprecated. The advice to use `strformat` instead | ||
cannot be applied to every use case. The limitations and the (lack of) reliability | ||
of `round` are well documented. | ||
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- Added `getprotobyname` to `winlean`. Added `getProtoByname` to `nativesockets` which returns a protocol code | ||
from the database that matches the protocol `name`. | ||
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- Added missing attributes and methods to `dom.Navigator` like `deviceMemory`, `onLine`, `vibrate()`, etc. | ||
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- Added `strutils.indentation` and `strutils.dedent` which enable indented string literals: | ||
```nim | ||
import strutils | ||
echo dedent """ | ||
This | ||
is | ||
cool! | ||
""" | ||
``` | ||
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- Added `initUri(isIpv6: bool)` to `uri` module, now `uri` supports parsing ipv6 hostname. | ||
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- Added `readLines(p: Process)` to `osproc` module for `startProcess` convenience. | ||
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- Added the below `to` procs for collections. The usage is similar to procs such as | ||
`sets.toHashSet` and `tables.toTable`. Previously, it was necessary to create the | ||
respective empty collection and add items manually. | ||
* `critbits.toCritBitTree`, which creates a `CritBitTree` from an `openArray` of | ||
items or an `openArray` of pairs. | ||
* `deques.toDeque`, which creates a `Deque` from an `openArray`. | ||
* `heapqueue.toHeapQueue`, which creates a `HeapQueue` from an `openArray`. | ||
* `intsets.toIntSet`, which creates an `IntSet` from an `openArray`. | ||
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- Added `progressInterval` argument to `asyncftpclient.newAsyncFtpClient` to control the interval | ||
at which progress callbacks are called. | ||
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- Added `os.copyFileToDir` | ||
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## Language changes | ||
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- The `=destroy` hook no longer has to reset its target, as the compiler now automatically inserts | ||
`wasMoved` calls where needed. | ||
- The `=` hook is now called `=copy` for clarity. The old name `=` is still available so there | ||
is no need to update your code. This change was backported to 1.2 too so you can use the | ||
more readability `=copy` without loss of compatibility. | ||
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- In the newruntime it is now allowed to assign to the discriminator field | ||
without restrictions as long as case object doesn't have custom destructor. | ||
The discriminator value doesn't have to be a constant either. If you have a | ||
custom destructor for a case object and you do want to freely assign discriminator | ||
fields, it is recommended to refactor object into 2 objects like this: | ||
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```nim | ||
type | ||
MyObj = object | ||
case kind: bool | ||
of true: y: ptr UncheckedArray[float] | ||
of false: z: seq[int] | ||
proc `=destroy`(x: MyObj) = | ||
if x.kind and x.y != nil: | ||
deallocShared(x.y) | ||
``` | ||
Refactor into: | ||
```nim | ||
type | ||
MySubObj = object | ||
val: ptr UncheckedArray[float] | ||
MyObj = object | ||
case kind: bool | ||
of true: y: MySubObj | ||
of false: z: seq[int] | ||
proc `=destroy`(x: MySubObj) = | ||
if x.val != nil: | ||
deallocShared(x.val) | ||
``` | ||
- `getImpl` on enum type symbols now returns field syms instead of idents. This helps | ||
with writing typed macros. Old behavior for backwards compatibility can be restored | ||
with `--useVersion:1.0`. | ||
- The typed AST for proc headers will now have the arguments be syms instead of idents. | ||
This helps with writing typed macros. Old behaviour for backwards compatibility can | ||
be restored with `--useVersion:1.0`. | ||
- ``let`` statements can now be used without a value if declared with | ||
``importc``/``importcpp``/``importjs``/``importobjc``. | ||
- The keyword `from` is now usable as an operator. | ||
- Exceptions inheriting from `system.Defect` are no longer tracked with | ||
the `.raises: []` exception tracking mechanism. This is more consistent with the | ||
built-in operations. The following always used to compile (and still does): | ||
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```nim | ||
proc mydiv(a, b): int {.raises: [].} = | ||
a div b # can raise an DivByZeroDefect | ||
``` | ||
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Now also this compiles: | ||
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```nim | ||
proc mydiv(a, b): int {.raises: [].} = | ||
if b == 0: raise newException(DivByZeroDefect, "division by zero") | ||
else: result = a div b | ||
``` | ||
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The reason for this is that `DivByZeroDefect` inherits from `Defect` and | ||
with `--panics:on` `Defects` become unrecoverable errors. | ||
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- Added the `thiscall` calling convention as specified by Microsoft, mostly for hooking purposes. | ||
- Deprecated `{.unroll.}` pragma, was ignored by the compiler anyways, was a nop. | ||
- Removed `strutils.isNilOrWhitespace`, was deprecated. | ||
- Removed `sharedtables.initSharedTable`, was deprecated and produces undefined behavior. | ||
- Removed `asyncdispatch.newAsyncNativeSocket`, was deprecated since `0.18`. | ||
- Removed `dom.releaseEvents` and `dom.captureEvents`, was deprecated. | ||
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- Removed `sharedlists.initSharedList`, was deprecated and produces undefined behaviour. | ||
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- There is a new experimental feature called "strictFuncs" which makes the definition of | ||
`.noSideEffect` stricter. [See](manual_experimental.html#stricts-funcs) | ||
for more information. | ||
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- "for-loop macros" (see [the manual](manual.html#macros-for-loop-macros)) are no longer | ||
an experimental feature. In other words, you don't have to write pragma | ||
`{.experimental: "forLoopMacros".}` if you want to use them. | ||
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- Added a ``.noalias`` pragma. It is mapped to C's ``restrict`` keyword for the increased | ||
performance this keyword can enable. | ||
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- `items` no longer compiles with enum with holes as its behavior was error prone, see #14004 | ||
- `system.deepcopy` has to be enabled explicitly for `--gc:arc` and `--gc:orc` via | ||
`--deepcopy:on`. | ||
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- Added a `std/effecttraits` module for introspection of the inferred effects. | ||
We hope this enables `async` macros that are precise about the possible exceptions that | ||
can be raised. | ||
- The pragma blocks `{.gcsafe.}: ...` and `{.noSideEffect.}: ...` can now also be | ||
written as `{.cast(gcsafe).}: ...` and `{.cast(noSideEffect).}: ...`. This is the new | ||
preferred way of writing these, emphasizing their unsafe nature. | ||
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## Compiler changes | ||
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- Specific warnings can now be turned into errors via `--warningAsError[X]:on|off`. | ||
- The `define` and `undef` pragmas have been de-deprecated. | ||
- New command: `nim r main.nim [args...]` which compiles and runs main.nim, and implies `--usenimcache` | ||
so that output is saved to $nimcache/main$exeExt, using the same logic as `nim c -r` to | ||
avoid recompiling when sources don't change. This is now the preferred way to | ||
run tests, avoiding the usual pain of clobbering your repo with binaries or | ||
using tricky gitignore rules on posix. Example: | ||
```nim | ||
nim r compiler/nim.nim --help # only compiled the first time | ||
echo 'import os; echo getCurrentCompilerExe()' | nim r - # this works too | ||
nim r compiler/nim.nim --fullhelp # no recompilation | ||
nim r --nimcache:/tmp main # binary saved to /tmp/main | ||
``` | ||
- `--hint:processing` is now supported and means `--hint:processing:on` | ||
(likewise with other hints and warnings), which is consistent with all other bool flags. | ||
(since 1.3.3). | ||
- `nim doc -r main` and `nim rst2html -r main` now call `openDefaultBrowser`. | ||
- new hint: `--hint:msgOrigin` will show where a compiler msg (hint|warning|error) | ||
was generated; this helps in particular when it's non obvious where it came from | ||
either because multiple locations generate the same message, or because the | ||
message involves runtime formatting. | ||
- new flag `--backend:js|c|cpp|objc` (or -b:js etc), to change backend; can be | ||
used with any command (eg nim r, doc, check etc); safe to re-assign. | ||
- new flag `--doccmd:cmd` to pass additional flags for runnableExamples, | ||
e.g.: `--doccmd:-d:foo --threads` | ||
use `--doccmd:skip` to skip runnableExamples and rst test snippets. | ||
- new flag `--usenimcache` to output to nimcache (whatever it resolves to after | ||
all commands are processed) | ||
and avoids polluting both $pwd and $projectdir. It can be used with any command. | ||
- `runnableExamples "-b:cpp -r:off": code` is now supported, allowing to override | ||
how an example is compiled and run, for example to change backend or compile only. | ||
- `nim doc` now outputs under `$projectPath/htmldocs` when `--outdir` is unspecified | ||
(with or without `--project`); passing `--project` now automatically generates | ||
an index and enables search. | ||
See [docgen](docgen.html#introduction-quick-start) for details. | ||
- Removed the `--oldNewlines` switch. | ||
- Removed the `--laxStrings` switch for mutating the internal zero terminator on strings. | ||
- Removed the `--oldast` switch. | ||
- Removed the `--oldgensym` switch | ||
- `$getType(untyped)` is now "untyped" instead of "expr", `$getType(typed)` is | ||
now "typed" instead of "stmt". | ||
- Sink inference is now disabled per default and has to enabled explicitly via | ||
`--sinkInference:on`. *Note*: For the standard library sink inference remains | ||
enabled. This change is most relevant for the `--gc:arc`, `--gc:orc` memory | ||
management modes. | ||
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## Tool changes | ||
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- `nimsuggest` will now return both the forward declaration and the | ||
implementation location upon a `def` query. Previously the behavior was | ||
just to return the forward declaration. |
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