EP-005: Initial version - ABI-Stable-Module-API

First cut of the ABI-Stable-Module-API eps.  It is far
from complete but is intended to allow insight into the
current direction/status and will be updated regularly
as we progress along the investigation and can make
the API definition more complete.

PR-URL: #20
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Saúl Ibarra Corretgé <saghul@gmail.com>

005-ABI-Stable-Module-API.md

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+| Title  | ABI Stable Module API                 |
+|--------|---------------------------------------|
+| Author | @mhdawson, @stefanbu, @Ianwjhalliday  |
+| Status | DRAFT                                 |
+| Date   | 2016-12-12                            |
+
+# Introduction
+
+The module ecosystem is one of the features making Node.js the fastest
+growing runtime.  An important subset of modules are those which have a
+native component. In specific cases it is important to be able to leverage native
+code in order to be able to:
+
+* use existing third party components written in C/C++
+* access physical devices, for example a serial port
+* expose functionality from the operating system not otherwise available
+* achieve higher speed than possible in native JavaScript
+
+There is an existing interface (addons) that allows you to build these modules
+as a dynamically-linked shared module that can be loaded into Node.js and
+used as an ordinary Node.js module (for more details see
+https://nodejs.org/api/addons.html)
+
+Unfortunately in the existing implementation the V8
+(the JavaScript runtime for Node.js) APIs are exposed to modules. In
+addition Google changes these APIs on a regular basis. This results in
+the following issues:
+
+* Native modules must be recompiled for each version of Node.js
+* The code within modules may need to be modified for a new version of
+  Node.js
+* It's not clear which parts of the V8 API the Node.js community believes
+  are safe/unsafe to use in terms of long term support for that use.
+* Modules written against the V8 APIs may or may not be able to work
+  with alternate JavaScript engines when/if Node.js supports them.
+
+The Native Abstractions for Node (NAN)
+project (https://github.com/nodejs/nan) can be used to limit
+the cases when modules must be updated in order to work with new versions
+of Node.js but does not address the other issues as it does not
+encapsulate the V8 argument types such that modules still need
+to be recompiled for new Node.js versions.
+
+# Proposed Action
+
+The goal of this eps is to define an API that:
+
+* Provides a stable API which is not tied to the current
+  or further APIs provided by V8
+* Allows native modules built as shared libraries to be used
+  with different versions of Node.js
+* Makes it clear which APIs can use with the expectation
+  of not being affected by changes in the JavaScript engine
+  or Node.js release
+* The API provided by the Node.js runtime will be in C. In
+  addition a C++ wrapper which only contains inline functions
+  and uses the C APIs so that the changes in the C++ wrapper
+  would not require recompilation.
+
+# Background
+
+There have been ongoing discussions on a new module API in both the
+community api working group (https://github.com/nodejs/api), other
+issues in the Node.js  issue tracker, and the recent community Node.js
+face-to-face VM summit (https://github.com/jasnell/vm-summit).
+
+In that summit there was agreement that we wanted to define this
+module API.  The general approach was to be:
+
+* Start with NAN, trim down to minimal subset based on module usage
+  and inspection.
+* Add in VM agnostic methods for object lifecycle management.
+* Add in VM agnostic exception management
+* Define C/C++ types for the API which are independent from V8
+  (NAN currently uses the V8 types).
+* Use the NAN examples to work through the API and build up the
+  definition of the key methods.
+* Validate on most used modules in the ecosystem
+* Complete performance analysis to confirm accepted level of overhead.
+
+Notes/details on other related work and the current experimental progress
+on implementing this eps can be found in:
+https://docs.google.com/document/d/1bX9SZKufbfhr7ncXL9fFev2LrljymtFZdWpwmv7mB9g/edit#heading=h.ln9aj9qjo969
+
+# API definition
+
+**WORK IN PROGRESS, DRIVEN BY MODULES PORTED SO FAR**
+
+This API will be built up from a minimal set. Based on this set
+we have been able to port the NaN example and level down.  Additions
+will be made as we port additional modules.
+
+There has been enough progress that instead of listing the API methods
+here we will point to the header files in the working PoC repos so it
+remains up to date:
+
+Core methods:
+* [node_jsvmapi_types.h](https://github.com/nodejs/abi-stable-node/blob/api-prototype-6.2.0/src/node_jsvmapi_types.h)
+* [node_jsvmapi.h](https://github.com/nodejs/abi-stable-node/blob/api-prototype-6.2.0/src/node_jsvmapi.h)
+
+AsyncWorker support methods:
+
+* [node_asyncapi_types.h](https://github.com/nodejs/abi-stable-node/blob/api-prototype-6.2.0/src/node_asyncapi_types.h)
+* [node_asyncapi.h](https://github.com/nodejs/abi-stable-node/blob/api-prototype-6.2.0/src/node_asyncapi.h)
+
+
+# C++ Wrapper API
+
+The current view is that the API exported by the Node.js binary
+must be in C in order to achieve ABI stability. This [document]
+(http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/servers-storage-dev/stablecplusplusabi-333927.html)
+outlines some of the challenges with respect to C++ and
+ABI stability.
+
+However, we also believe that a C++ wrapper is possible and
+would provide ease of use. The key element is that the C++ part must all
+be inlined and only use the external functions/types exported
+by the C API.
+
+The current set of helpers to provide ease of use are defined in:
+
+[node_api_helpers.h](https://github.com/nodejs/abi-stable-node/blob/api-prototype-6.2.0/src/node_api_helpers.h)
+
+Some of the more complex parts like AsyncWorker will quite likely end up outside
+the scope of the ABI stable API itself, and be in a separate component.
+For example, they may end up part of a version of NaN that supports the new API.