Warn when lang versions have an ignored suffix

Syntax versions (the string after `lang dune` for example) are parsed
with `Scanf.sscanf`. This only parses the longest matching prefix and
ignored the rest of the string. So `lang dune 2.3.0` is silently
interpreted as `2.3` and so is `lang dune 2.4suffix`.

This PR adds a warning when there is a suffix. An error could break
existing projects.

The implementation adds a `%s` to match the suffix. This specifier stops
on whitespace characters, but these can not appear in valid atoms.

Signed-off-by: Etienne Millon <me@emillon.org>

CHANGES.md

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 Unreleased
 ----------
 
+- Warn when lang versions have an ignored suffix. `(lang dune 2.3.4)` or `(lang
+  dune 2.3suffix)` were silently parsed as `2.3` and we know suggest to remove
+  the prefix. (#5040, @emillon)
+
 - Allow users to specify dynamic dependencies in rules. For example `(deps
   %{read:foo.gen})` (#4662, fixes #4089, @jeremiedimino)
 

src/dune_lang/syntax.ml

@@ -29,8 +29,14 @@ module Version = struct
     let open Decoder in
     raw >>| function
     | Atom (loc, A s) -> (
-      match Scanf.sscanf s "%u.%u" (fun a b -> (a, b)) with
-      | Ok s -> s
+      match Scanf.sscanf s "%u.%u%s" (fun a b s -> ((a, b), s)) with
+      | Ok (v, "") -> v
+      | Ok (((a, b) as v), s) ->
+        User_warning.emit ~loc
+          [ Pp.textf "The %S part is ignored here." s
+          ; Pp.textf "This version is parsed as just %d.%d." a b
+          ];
+        v
       | Error () ->
         User_error.raise ~loc [ Pp.text "Atom of the form NNN.NNN expected" ])
     | sexp -> User_error.raise ~loc:(Ast.loc sexp) [ Pp.text "Atom expected" ]

test/blackbox-tests/test-cases/lang-dune-warning.t

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+If (lang dune) does not use a valid format, a warning is emitted:
+
+  $ cat > dune-project << EOF
+  > (lang dune 2.3.0)
+  > EOF
+
+  $ dune build
+  File "dune-project", line 1, characters 11-16:
+  1 | (lang dune 2.3.0)
+                 ^^^^^
+  Warning: The ".0" part is ignored here.
+  This version is parsed as just 2.3.
+
+  $ cat > dune-project << EOF
+  > (lang dune 2.4suffix)
+  > EOF
+
+  $ dune build
+  File "dune-project", line 1, characters 11-20:
+  1 | (lang dune 2.4suffix)
+                 ^^^^^^^^^
+  Warning: The "suffix" part is ignored here.
+  This version is parsed as just 2.4.
+
+Of course if the version is valid, no warning is emitted:
+
+  $ cat > dune-project << EOF
+  > (lang dune 2.2)
+  > EOF
+
+  $ dune build