Add reproducer for false alarm (unreachable slab)

Cadence smoke test reported another false alarm about
"slab was not reachable".

To summarize, storage.CheckHealth() should be called after
DictionaryValue.Transfer() with remove flag, rather than
in the middle of DictionaryValue.Transfer() with remove flag.

The details are more complex than this oversimplified summary.

For more context, see GitHub comments at
#2882 (comment)

runtime/tests/interpreter/values_test.go

@@ -1623,7 +1623,6 @@ func (m *valueMap) size() int {
 	return len(m.keys)
 }
 
-// TODO: Make this test pass.
 // This test is a reproducer for "slab was not reachable from leaves" false alarm.
 // https://github.com/onflow/cadence/pull/2882#issuecomment-1781298107
 // In this test, storage.CheckHealth() should be called after array.DeepRemove(),
@@ -1703,3 +1702,151 @@ func TestCheckStorageHealthInMiddleOfDeepRemove(t *testing.T) {
 	// - DeepRemove() calls maybeValidateAtreeValue()
 	// - maybeValidateAtreeValue() calls CheckHealth()
 }
+
+// This test is a reproducer for "slab was not reachable from leaves" false alarm.
+// https://github.com/onflow/cadence/pull/2882#issuecomment-1796381227
+// In this test, storage.CheckHealth() should be called after DictionaryValue.Transfer()
+// with remove flag, not in the middle of DictionaryValue.Transfer().
+func TestCheckStorageHealthInMiddleOfTransferAndRemove(t *testing.T) {
+	r := newRandomValueGenerator()
+	t.Logf("seed: %d", r.seed)
+
+	storage := newUnmeteredInMemoryStorage()
+	inter, err := interpreter.NewInterpreter(
+		&interpreter.Program{
+			Program:     ast.NewProgram(nil, []ast.Declaration{}),
+			Elaboration: sema.NewElaboration(nil),
+		},
+		utils.TestLocation,
+		&interpreter.Config{
+			Storage: storage,
+			ImportLocationHandler: func(inter *interpreter.Interpreter, location common.Location) interpreter.Import {
+				return interpreter.VirtualImport{
+					Elaboration: inter.Program.Elaboration,
+				}
+			},
+			AtreeStorageValidationEnabled: true,
+			AtreeValueValidationEnabled:   true,
+		},
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create large array value with zero address which will not be inlined.
+	gchildArray := interpreter.NewArrayValue(
+		inter,
+		interpreter.EmptyLocationRange,
+		interpreter.VariableSizedStaticType{
+			Type: interpreter.PrimitiveStaticTypeAnyStruct,
+		},
+		common.ZeroAddress,
+		interpreter.NewUnmeteredStringValue(strings.Repeat("b", int(atree.MaxInlineArrayElementSize())-10)),
+		interpreter.NewUnmeteredStringValue(strings.Repeat("c", int(atree.MaxInlineArrayElementSize())-10)),
+	)
+
+	// Create small composite value with zero address which will be inlined.
+	identifier := "test"
+
+	location := common.AddressLocation{
+		Address: common.ZeroAddress,
+		Name:    identifier,
+	}
+
+	compositeType := &sema.CompositeType{
+		Location:   location,
+		Identifier: identifier,
+		Kind:       common.CompositeKindStructure,
+	}
+
+	fields := []interpreter.CompositeField{
+		interpreter.NewUnmeteredCompositeField("a", interpreter.NewUnmeteredUInt64Value(0)),
+		interpreter.NewUnmeteredCompositeField("b", interpreter.NewUnmeteredUInt64Value(1)),
+		interpreter.NewUnmeteredCompositeField("c", interpreter.NewUnmeteredUInt64Value(2)),
+	}
+
+	compositeType.Members = &sema.StringMemberOrderedMap{}
+	for _, field := range fields {
+		compositeType.Members.Set(
+			field.Name,
+			sema.NewUnmeteredPublicConstantFieldMember(
+				compositeType,
+				field.Name,
+				sema.AnyStructType,
+				"",
+			),
+		)
+	}
+
+	// Add the type to the elaboration, to short-circuit the type-lookup.
+	inter.Program.Elaboration.SetCompositeType(
+		compositeType.ID(),
+		compositeType,
+	)
+
+	gchildComposite := interpreter.NewCompositeValue(
+		inter,
+		interpreter.EmptyLocationRange,
+		location,
+		identifier,
+		common.CompositeKindStructure,
+		fields,
+		common.ZeroAddress,
+	)
+
+	// Create large dictionary with zero address with 2 data slabs containing:
+	// - SomeValue(SlabID) as first physical element in the first data slab
+	// - inlined CompositeValue as last physical element in the second data slab
+
+	numberOfValues := 10
+	firstElementIndex := 7 // index of first physical element in the first data slab
+	lastElementIndex := 8  // index of last physical element in the last data slab
+	keyValues := make([]interpreter.Value, numberOfValues*2)
+	for i := 0; i < numberOfValues; i++ {
+		key := interpreter.NewUnmeteredUInt64Value(uint64(i))
+
+		var value interpreter.Value
+		switch i {
+		case firstElementIndex:
+			value = interpreter.NewUnmeteredSomeValueNonCopying(gchildArray)
+
+		case lastElementIndex:
+			value = gchildComposite
+
+		default:
+			// Other values are inlined random strings.
+			const size = 235
+			value = interpreter.NewUnmeteredStringValue(r.randomUTF8StringOfSize(size))
+		}
+
+		keyValues[i*2] = key
+		keyValues[i*2+1] = value
+	}
+
+	childMap := interpreter.NewDictionaryValueWithAddress(
+		inter,
+		interpreter.EmptyLocationRange,
+		interpreter.DictionaryStaticType{
+			KeyType:   interpreter.PrimitiveStaticTypeAnyStruct,
+			ValueType: interpreter.PrimitiveStaticTypeAnyStruct,
+		},
+		common.ZeroAddress,
+		keyValues...,
+	)
+
+	// Create dictionary with non-zero address containing child dictionary.
+	owner := common.Address{'A'}
+	m := interpreter.NewDictionaryValueWithAddress(
+		inter,
+		interpreter.EmptyLocationRange,
+		interpreter.DictionaryStaticType{
+			KeyType:   interpreter.PrimitiveStaticTypeAnyStruct,
+			ValueType: interpreter.PrimitiveStaticTypeAnyStruct,
+		},
+		owner,
+		interpreter.NewUnmeteredUInt64Value(0),
+		childMap,
+	)
+
+	inter.ValidateAtreeValue(m)
+
+	require.NoError(t, storage.CheckHealth())
+}