Add support for nested pragma declarations

[turbolent]

Description

There is an increasing interest in using pragma declarations:

• FLIP - Extended Transaction Format flips#41
• https://discord.com/channels/613813861610684416/1045473853444460585/1045473853444460585

Currently, pragma declarations are not documented in the grammar and the parser only supports them as top-level declarations.

Document pragma declarations in the grammar and add support for nested pragma declarations to the parser.

---

• Targeted PR against master branch
• Linked to Github issue with discussion and accepted design OR link to spec that describes this work
• Code follows the standards mentioned here
• Updated relevant documentation
• Re-reviewed Files changed in the Github PR explorer
• Added appropriate labels

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #2169 (2dc4091) into master (e2f0bc5) will decrease coverage by 0.08%.
The diff coverage is 78.65%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #2169      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   77.68%   77.60%   -0.09%     
==========================================
  Files         308      309       +1     
  Lines       64246    64803     +557     
==========================================
+ Hits        49910    50288     +378     
- Misses      12600    12769     +169     
- Partials     1736     1746      +10     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	77.60% <78.65%> (-0.09%)	⬇️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
runtime/parser/declaration.go	82.90% <78.40%> (-0.62%)	⬇️
runtime/common/declarationkind.go	80.90% <100.00%> (ø)
runtime/format/capability.go	68.75% <0.00%> (-31.25%)	⬇️
runtime/runtime.go	85.84% <0.00%> (-1.63%)	⬇️
runtime/interpreter/visitor.go	9.30% <0.00%> (-0.46%)	⬇️
runtime/interpreter/value.go	68.84% <0.00%> (-0.12%)	⬇️
runtime/common/metering.go	92.23% <0.00%> (ø)
runtime/sema/simple_type.go	96.15% <0.00%> (ø)
runtime/sema/authaccount_type.go	100.00% <0.00%> (ø)
... and 13 more

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[github-actions]

Cadence Benchstat comparison

This branch with compared with the base branch onflow:master commit de28ef3
The command for i in {1..N}; do go test ./... -run=XXX -bench=. -benchmem -shuffle=on; done was used.
Bench tests were run a total of 7 times on each branch.

Collapsed results for better readability

	old.txt	new.txt
	time/op		delta
CheckContractInterfaceFungibleTokenConformance-2	112µs ± 1%	114µs ± 1%	+1.91%	(p=0.001 n=7+6)
ContractInterfaceFungibleToken-2	39.8µs ± 3%	39.9µs ± 0%	~	(p=0.065 n=6+6)
InterpretRecursionFib-2	2.46ms ± 1%	2.57ms ± 8%	+4.31%	(p=0.026 n=7+7)
NewInterpreter/new_interpreter-2	1.09µs ± 1%	1.10µs ± 0%	+0.83%	(p=0.003 n=7+6)
NewInterpreter/new_sub-interpreter-2	590ns ± 8%	592ns ± 6%	~	(p=0.165 n=7+7)
ParseArray-2	7.66ms ± 1%	7.62ms ± 3%	~	(p=0.180 n=6+6)
ParseDeploy/byte_array-2	11.5ms ± 2%	11.7ms ± 6%	~	(p=0.710 n=7+7)
ParseDeploy/decode_hex-2	1.20ms ± 1%	1.22ms ± 1%	+1.41%	(p=0.001 n=6+7)
ParseFungibleToken/With_memory_metering-2	184µs ± 3%	183µs ± 2%	~	(p=0.097 n=7+7)
ParseFungibleToken/Without_memory_metering-2	143µs ± 0%	142µs ± 0%	−0.32%	(p=0.014 n=7+6)
ParseInfix-2	7.10µs ± 1%	7.04µs ± 1%	−0.77%	(p=0.009 n=6+7)
QualifiedIdentifierCreation/One_level-2	2.43ns ± 1%	2.42ns ± 1%	~	(p=0.866 n=7+6)
QualifiedIdentifierCreation/Three_levels-2	117ns ± 0%	117ns ± 1%	~	(p=0.124 n=7+7)
RuntimeFungibleTokenTransfer-2	667µs ± 7%	530µs ±22%	−20.52%	(p=0.005 n=6+7)
RuntimeResourceDictionaryValues-2	5.25ms ± 0%	5.17ms ± 1%	−1.52%	(p=0.001 n=7+6)
RuntimeScriptNoop-2	23.0µs ±34%	22.4µs ±31%	~	(p=0.456 n=7+7)
SuperTypeInference/arrays-2	294ns ± 0%	283ns ± 1%	−3.92%	(p=0.002 n=6+6)
SuperTypeInference/composites-2	129ns ± 0%	131ns ± 0%	+2.05%	(p=0.001 n=6+7)
SuperTypeInference/integers-2	92.2ns ± 0%	93.4ns ± 0%	+1.30%	(p=0.001 n=7+7)
ValueIsSubtypeOfSemaType-2	87.1ns ± 1%	89.3ns ± 2%	+2.56%	(p=0.004 n=6+6)
	alloc/op		delta
CheckContractInterfaceFungibleTokenConformance-2	49.7kB ± 0%	49.8kB ± 0%	+0.32%	(p=0.001 n=7+7)
ContractInterfaceFungibleToken-2	24.0kB ± 0%	24.1kB ± 0%	+0.40%	(p=0.001 n=7+7)
InterpretRecursionFib-2	1.00MB ± 0%	1.00MB ± 0%	~	(p=0.486 n=7+7)
NewInterpreter/new_interpreter-2	752B ± 0%	768B ± 0%	+2.13%	(p=0.001 n=7+7)
NewInterpreter/new_sub-interpreter-2	200B ± 0%	200B ± 0%	~	(all equal)
ParseArray-2	2.79MB ± 5%	2.72MB ± 0%	−2.54%	(p=0.048 n=7+5)
ParseDeploy/byte_array-2	4.16MB ± 2%	4.21MB ± 3%	~	(p=0.301 n=7+7)
ParseDeploy/decode_hex-2	214kB ± 0%	214kB ± 0%	~	(p=0.154 n=7+7)
ParseFungibleToken/With_memory_metering-2	29.2kB ± 0%	29.2kB ± 0%	~	(p=0.592 n=7+7)
ParseFungibleToken/Without_memory_metering-2	29.2kB ± 0%	29.2kB ± 0%	~	(p=0.351 n=5+6)
ParseInfix-2	1.92kB ± 0%	1.92kB ± 0%	~	(p=1.000 n=7+7)
QualifiedIdentifierCreation/One_level-2	0.00B	0.00B	~	(all equal)
QualifiedIdentifierCreation/Three_levels-2	64.0B ± 0%	64.0B ± 0%	~	(all equal)
RuntimeFungibleTokenTransfer-2	103kB ± 0%	102kB ± 1%	−0.52%	(p=0.026 n=7+7)
RuntimeResourceDictionaryValues-2	2.28MB ± 0%	2.28MB ± 0%	+0.29%	(p=0.007 n=7+7)
RuntimeScriptNoop-2	8.46kB ± 0%	8.45kB ± 1%	~	(p=0.876 n=7+7)
SuperTypeInference/arrays-2	96.0B ± 0%	96.0B ± 0%	~	(all equal)
SuperTypeInference/composites-2	0.00B	0.00B	~	(all equal)
SuperTypeInference/integers-2	0.00B	0.00B	~	(all equal)
ValueIsSubtypeOfSemaType-2	48.0B ± 0%	48.0B ± 0%	~	(all equal)
	allocs/op		delta
CheckContractInterfaceFungibleTokenConformance-2	815 ± 0%	815 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
ContractInterfaceFungibleToken-2	388 ± 0%	388 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
InterpretRecursionFib-2	18.9k ± 0%	18.9k ± 0%	~	(all equal)
NewInterpreter/new_interpreter-2	13.0 ± 0%	13.0 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
NewInterpreter/new_sub-interpreter-2	4.00 ± 0%	4.00 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
ParseArray-2	59.6k ± 0%	59.6k ± 0%	~	(p=1.000 n=7+7)
ParseDeploy/byte_array-2	89.4k ± 0%	89.4k ± 0%	~	(p=1.000 n=7+7)
ParseDeploy/decode_hex-2	64.0 ± 0%	64.0 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
ParseFungibleToken/With_memory_metering-2	779 ± 0%	779 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
ParseFungibleToken/Without_memory_metering-2	779 ± 0%	779 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
ParseInfix-2	48.0 ± 0%	48.0 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
QualifiedIdentifierCreation/One_level-2	0.00	0.00	~	(all equal)
QualifiedIdentifierCreation/Three_levels-2	2.00 ± 0%	2.00 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
RuntimeFungibleTokenTransfer-2	1.99k ± 0%	1.99k ± 0%	+0.11%	(p=0.001 n=6+7)
RuntimeResourceDictionaryValues-2	36.9k ± 0%	36.9k ± 0%	+0.01%	(p=0.001 n=7+7)
RuntimeScriptNoop-2	132 ± 0%	132 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
SuperTypeInference/arrays-2	3.00 ± 0%	3.00 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
SuperTypeInference/composites-2	0.00	0.00	~	(all equal)
SuperTypeInference/integers-2	0.00	0.00	~	(all equal)
ValueIsSubtypeOfSemaType-2	1.00 ± 0%	1.00 ± 0%	~	(all equal)