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Fixed XACML Policy in documentation (Comparing to Other Systems) to b…
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…e XACML 3.0 compliant (#6438)

* Fixed the XACML Policy to be XACML 3.0 compliant
* Modernized the OPA policy shown as comparison to the XACML policy
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@cdanger
cdanger authored Nov 29, 2023
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153 changes: 90 additions & 63 deletions docs/content/comparison-to-other-systems.md
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Expand Up @@ -362,65 +362,89 @@ allow

## XACML

eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) was designed to express security policies: allow/deny decisions using attributes of users, resources, actions, and the environment.
The following policy says that users from the organization Curtiss or Packard who are US or GreatBritain nationals and who work on DetailedDesign or Simulation are permitted access to documents about NavigationSystems.
eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) was designed to express security policies: allow/deny decisions using attributes of users, resources, actions, and the environment.
The following policy says that users from the organization Curtiss or Packard who are US or Great Britain nationals and who work on DetailedDesign or Simulation are permitted access to documents about NavigationSystems.

```xml
<Policy PolicyId="urn:curtiss:ba:taa:taa-1.1" RuleCombiningAlgId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:rule-combining-algorithm:deny-overrides">
<Policy xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:3.0:core:schema:wd-17" PolicyId="urn:curtiss:ba:taa"
Version="1.1"
RuleCombiningAlgId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:3.0:rule-combining-algorithm:deny-unless-permit">
<Description>Policy for Business Authorization category TAA-1.1</Description>
<Target>
<AnyOf>
<AllOf>
<Match
MatchId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:function:string-equal">
<AttributeValue DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">NavigationSystem</AttributeValue>
<AttributeDesignator
MustBePresent="true"
Category="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:3.0:attribute-category:resource"
AttributeId="urn:curtiss:names:tc:xacml:1.0:resource:Topics"
DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"/>
</Match>
</AllOf>
</AnyOf>
</Target>
<Rule Effect="Permit">
<Description />
<Target />
<Rule RuleId="Rule for NavigationSystems" Effect="Permit">
<Target>
<Actions>
<Action>
<ActionMatch MatchId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:function:string-equal">
<ActionAttributeDesignator
AttributeId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:action:action-id"
DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string" />
<AttributeValue DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Any</AttributeValue>
</ActionMatch>
</Action>
</Actions>
<AnyOf>
<AllOf>
<Match MatchId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:function:string-equal">
<AttributeValue DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">NavigationSystem</AttributeValue>
<AttributeDesignator
Category="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:3.0:attribute-category:resource"
AttributeId="urn:curtiss:names:tc:xacml:1.0:resource:Topics"
DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string" MustBePresent="true" />
</Match>
</AllOf>
</AnyOf>
<AnyOf>
<AllOf>
<Match MatchId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:function:string-equal">
<AttributeValue DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Packard</AttributeValue>
<AttributeDesignator
Category="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:subject-category:access-subject"
AttributeId="http://schemas.tscp.org/2012-03/claims/OrganizationID"
DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string" MustBePresent="true" />
</Match>
</AllOf>
<AllOf>
<Match MatchId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:function:string-equal">
<AttributeValue DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Curtiss</AttributeValue>
<AttributeDesignator
Category="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:subject-category:access-subject"
AttributeId="http://schemas.tscp.org/2012-03/claims/OrganizationID"
DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string" MustBePresent="true" />
</Match>
</AllOf>
</AnyOf>
<AnyOf>
<AllOf>
<Match MatchId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:function:string-equal">
<AttributeValue DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">GB</AttributeValue>
<AttributeDesignator
Category="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:subject-category:access-subject"
AttributeId="http://schemas.tscp.org/2012-03/claims/Nationality"
DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string" MustBePresent="true" />
</Match>
</AllOf>
<AllOf>
<Match MatchId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:function:string-equal">
<AttributeValue DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">US</AttributeValue>
<AttributeDesignator
Category="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:subject-category:access-subject"
AttributeId="http://schemas.tscp.org/2012-03/claims/Nationality"
DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string" MustBePresent="true" />
</Match>
</AllOf>
</AnyOf>
<AnyOf>
<AllOf>
<Match MatchId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:function:string-equal">
<AttributeValue DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">DetailedDesign</AttributeValue>
<AttributeDesignator
Category="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:subject-category:access-subject"
AttributeId="http://schemas.tscp.org/2012-03/claims/Work-Effort"
DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string" MustBePresent="true" />
</Match>
</AllOf>
<AllOf>
<Match MatchId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:function:string-equal">
<AttributeValue DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Simulation</AttributeValue>
<AttributeDesignator
Category="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:subject-category:access-subject"
AttributeId="http://schemas.tscp.org/2012-03/claims/Work-Effort"
DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string" MustBePresent="true" />
</Match>
</AllOf>
</AnyOf>
</Target>
<Condition FunctionId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:function:and">
<Apply xsi:type="AtLeastMemberOf" functionId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:function:string-at-least-one-member-of">
<Apply functionId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:function:string-bag">
<AttributeValue DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Curtiss</AttributeValue>
<AttributeValue DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Packard</AttributeValue>
</Apply>
<AttributeDesignator AttributeId="http://schemas.tscp.org/2012-03/claims/OrganizationID" DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string" />
</Apply>
<Apply xsi:type="AtLeastMemberOf" functionId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:function:string-at-least-one-member-of">
<Apply functionId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:function:string-bag">
<AttributeValue DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">US</AttributeValue>
<AttributeValue DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">GB</AttributeValue>
</Apply>
<AttributeDesignator AttributeId="http://schemas.tscp.org/2012-03/claims/Nationality" DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string" />
</Apply>
<Apply xsi:type="AtLeastMemberOf" functionId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:function:string-at-least-one-member-of">
<Apply functionId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:function:string-bag">
<AttributeValue DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">DetailedDesign</AttributeValue>
<AttributeValue DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Simulation</AttributeValue>
</Apply>
<AttributeDesignator AttributeId="http://schemas.tscp.org/2012-03/claims/Work-Effort" DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string" />
</Apply>
<Apply xsi:type="AndFunction" functionId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:function:and" />
</Condition>
</Rule>
</Policy>
```
Expand All @@ -431,21 +455,24 @@ roughly the same as for XACML: attributes of users, actions, and resources.
```live:xacml:module:openable
package xacml
import future.keywords
# METADATA
# title: urn:curtiss:ba:taa:taa-1.1
# description: Policy for Business Authorization category TAA-1.1
default permit := false
permit {
# Check that resource has a "NavigationSystem" entry
input.resource["NavigationSystem"]
# Check that organization is one of the options (underscore implements "any")
org_options := ["Packard", "Curtiss"]
input.user.organization == org_options[_]
# Check that organization is one of the options
input.user.organization in ["Packard", "Curtiss"]
# Check that nationality is one of the options (underscore implements "any")
nationality_options := ["GB", "US"]
input.user.nationality == nationality_options[_]
# Check that nationality is one of the options
input.user.nationality in ["GB", "US"]
# Check that work_effort is one of the options (underscore implements "any")
work_options := ["DetailedDesign", "Simulation"]
input.user.work_effort == work_options[_]
# Check that work_effort is one of the options
input.user.work_effort in ["DetailedDesign", "Simulation"]
}
```

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