[chore][receiver/sqlserver] Add database IO metrics query (#32178)

**Description:** <Describe what has changed.>
<!--Ex. Fixing a bug - Describe the bug and how this fixes the issue.
Ex. Adding a feature - Explain what this achieves.-->
Add a query for the database IO metrics that SQL Server exposes. Read
more about available metrics
[here](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/system-dynamic-management-views/sys-dm-io-virtual-file-stats-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16).
This is a no-op update as this query will not be used until direct
connection to the SQL Server instance is fully implemented. This is
simply part of the effort.

**Note:** This code is currently not reached. This is on purpose.

**Link to tracking Issue:** <Issue number if applicable>
This was originally part of
#31915,
but I'm breaking this out to make the original PR a more manageable
size.


#30297

**Testing:** <Describe what testing was performed and which tests were
added.>
Existing tests and added tests are passing.

**Documentation:** <Describe the documentation added.>
Purposefully none: This is currently dead code until all of #31915 gets
merged, so it shouldn't be used.

receiver/sqlserverreceiver/queries.go

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package sqlserverreceiver // import "github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/receiver/sqlserverreceiver"
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+// Direct access to queries is not recommended: The receiver allows filtering based on
+// instance name, which means the query will change based on configuration.
+// Please use getSQLServerDatabaseIOQuery
+const sqlServerDatabaseIOQuery = `
+SET DEADLOCK_PRIORITY -10;
+IF SERVERPROPERTY('EngineEdition') NOT IN (2,3,4) BEGIN /*NOT IN Standard,Enterprise,Express*/
+	DECLARE @ErrorMessage AS nvarchar(500) = 'Connection string Server:'+ @@ServerName + ',Database:' + DB_NAME() +' is not a SQL Server Standard,Enterprise or Express. This query is only supported on these editions.';
+	RAISERROR (@ErrorMessage,11,1)
+	RETURN
+END
+
+DECLARE
+	 @SqlStatement AS nvarchar(max)
+	,@MajorMinorVersion AS int = CAST(PARSENAME(CAST(SERVERPROPERTY('ProductVersion') AS nvarchar),4) AS int) * 100 + CAST(PARSENAME(CAST(SERVERPROPERTY('ProductVersion') AS nvarchar),3) AS int)
+	,@Columns AS nvarchar(max) = ''
+	,@Tables AS nvarchar(max) = ''
+IF @MajorMinorVersion > 1100 BEGIN
+	SET @Columns += N'
+	,vfs.[io_stall_queued_read_ms] AS [rg_read_stall_ms]
+	,vfs.[io_stall_queued_write_ms] AS [rg_write_stall_ms]'
+END
+
+SET @SqlStatement = N'
+SELECT
+	''sqlserver_database_io'' AS [measurement]
+	,REPLACE(@@SERVERNAME,''\'','':'') AS [sql_instance]
+	,HOST_NAME() AS [computer_name]
+	,DB_NAME(vfs.[database_id]) AS [database_name]
+	,COALESCE(mf.[physical_name],''RBPEX'') AS [physical_filename]	--RPBEX = Resilient Buffer Pool Extension
+	,COALESCE(mf.[name],''RBPEX'') AS [logical_filename]	--RPBEX = Resilient Buffer Pool Extension
+	,mf.[type_desc] AS [file_type]
+	,vfs.[io_stall_read_ms] AS [read_latency_ms]
+	,vfs.[num_of_reads] AS [reads]
+	,vfs.[num_of_bytes_read] AS [read_bytes]
+	,vfs.[io_stall_write_ms] AS [write_latency_ms]
+	,vfs.[num_of_writes] AS [writes]
+	,vfs.[num_of_bytes_written] AS [write_bytes]'
+	+ @Columns + N'
+FROM sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(NULL, NULL) AS vfs
+INNER JOIN sys.master_files AS mf WITH (NOLOCK)
+	ON vfs.[database_id] = mf.[database_id] AND vfs.[file_id] = mf.[file_id]
+%s'
++ @Tables;
+
+EXEC sp_executesql @SqlStatement
+`
+
+func getSQLServerDatabaseIOQuery(instanceName string) string {
+	if instanceName != "" {
+		whereClause := fmt.Sprintf("WHERE @@SERVERNAME = ''%s''", instanceName)
+		return fmt.Sprintf(sqlServerDatabaseIOQuery, whereClause)
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf(sqlServerDatabaseIOQuery, "")
+}

receiver/sqlserverreceiver/queries_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package sqlserverreceiver
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestQueryIODBWithoutInstanceName(t *testing.T) {
+	expected, err := os.ReadFile(path.Join("./testdata", "databaseIOQueryWithoutInstanceName.txt"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	actual := getSQLServerDatabaseIOQuery("")
+
+	require.Equal(t, string(expected), actual)
+}
+
+func TestQueryIODBWithInstanceName(t *testing.T) {
+	expected, err := os.ReadFile(path.Join("./testdata", "databaseIOQueryWithInstanceName.txt"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	actual := getSQLServerDatabaseIOQuery("instanceName")
+
+	require.Equal(t, string(expected), actual)
+}

receiver/sqlserverreceiver/testdata/databaseIOQueryWithInstanceName.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+
+SET DEADLOCK_PRIORITY -10;
+IF SERVERPROPERTY('EngineEdition') NOT IN (2,3,4) BEGIN /*NOT IN Standard,Enterprise,Express*/
+	DECLARE @ErrorMessage AS nvarchar(500) = 'Connection string Server:'+ @@ServerName + ',Database:' + DB_NAME() +' is not a SQL Server Standard,Enterprise or Express. This query is only supported on these editions.';
+	RAISERROR (@ErrorMessage,11,1)
+	RETURN
+END
+
+DECLARE
+	 @SqlStatement AS nvarchar(max)
+	,@MajorMinorVersion AS int = CAST(PARSENAME(CAST(SERVERPROPERTY('ProductVersion') AS nvarchar),4) AS int) * 100 + CAST(PARSENAME(CAST(SERVERPROPERTY('ProductVersion') AS nvarchar),3) AS int)
+	,@Columns AS nvarchar(max) = ''
+	,@Tables AS nvarchar(max) = ''
+IF @MajorMinorVersion > 1100 BEGIN
+	SET @Columns += N'
+	,vfs.[io_stall_queued_read_ms] AS [rg_read_stall_ms]
+	,vfs.[io_stall_queued_write_ms] AS [rg_write_stall_ms]'
+END
+
+SET @SqlStatement = N'
+SELECT
+	''sqlserver_database_io'' AS [measurement]
+	,REPLACE(@@SERVERNAME,''\'','':'') AS [sql_instance]
+	,HOST_NAME() AS [computer_name]
+	,DB_NAME(vfs.[database_id]) AS [database_name]
+	,COALESCE(mf.[physical_name],''RBPEX'') AS [physical_filename]	--RPBEX = Resilient Buffer Pool Extension
+	,COALESCE(mf.[name],''RBPEX'') AS [logical_filename]	--RPBEX = Resilient Buffer Pool Extension
+	,mf.[type_desc] AS [file_type]
+	,vfs.[io_stall_read_ms] AS [read_latency_ms]
+	,vfs.[num_of_reads] AS [reads]
+	,vfs.[num_of_bytes_read] AS [read_bytes]
+	,vfs.[io_stall_write_ms] AS [write_latency_ms]
+	,vfs.[num_of_writes] AS [writes]
+	,vfs.[num_of_bytes_written] AS [write_bytes]'
+	+ @Columns + N'
+FROM sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(NULL, NULL) AS vfs
+INNER JOIN sys.master_files AS mf WITH (NOLOCK)
+	ON vfs.[database_id] = mf.[database_id] AND vfs.[file_id] = mf.[file_id]
+WHERE @@SERVERNAME = ''instanceName'''
++ @Tables;
+
+EXEC sp_executesql @SqlStatement

receiver/sqlserverreceiver/testdata/databaseIOQueryWithoutInstanceName.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+
+SET DEADLOCK_PRIORITY -10;
+IF SERVERPROPERTY('EngineEdition') NOT IN (2,3,4) BEGIN /*NOT IN Standard,Enterprise,Express*/
+	DECLARE @ErrorMessage AS nvarchar(500) = 'Connection string Server:'+ @@ServerName + ',Database:' + DB_NAME() +' is not a SQL Server Standard,Enterprise or Express. This query is only supported on these editions.';
+	RAISERROR (@ErrorMessage,11,1)
+	RETURN
+END
+
+DECLARE
+	 @SqlStatement AS nvarchar(max)
+	,@MajorMinorVersion AS int = CAST(PARSENAME(CAST(SERVERPROPERTY('ProductVersion') AS nvarchar),4) AS int) * 100 + CAST(PARSENAME(CAST(SERVERPROPERTY('ProductVersion') AS nvarchar),3) AS int)
+	,@Columns AS nvarchar(max) = ''
+	,@Tables AS nvarchar(max) = ''
+IF @MajorMinorVersion > 1100 BEGIN
+	SET @Columns += N'
+	,vfs.[io_stall_queued_read_ms] AS [rg_read_stall_ms]
+	,vfs.[io_stall_queued_write_ms] AS [rg_write_stall_ms]'
+END
+
+SET @SqlStatement = N'
+SELECT
+	''sqlserver_database_io'' AS [measurement]
+	,REPLACE(@@SERVERNAME,''\'','':'') AS [sql_instance]
+	,HOST_NAME() AS [computer_name]
+	,DB_NAME(vfs.[database_id]) AS [database_name]
+	,COALESCE(mf.[physical_name],''RBPEX'') AS [physical_filename]	--RPBEX = Resilient Buffer Pool Extension
+	,COALESCE(mf.[name],''RBPEX'') AS [logical_filename]	--RPBEX = Resilient Buffer Pool Extension
+	,mf.[type_desc] AS [file_type]
+	,vfs.[io_stall_read_ms] AS [read_latency_ms]
+	,vfs.[num_of_reads] AS [reads]
+	,vfs.[num_of_bytes_read] AS [read_bytes]
+	,vfs.[io_stall_write_ms] AS [write_latency_ms]
+	,vfs.[num_of_writes] AS [writes]
+	,vfs.[num_of_bytes_written] AS [write_bytes]'
+	+ @Columns + N'
+FROM sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(NULL, NULL) AS vfs
+INNER JOIN sys.master_files AS mf WITH (NOLOCK)
+	ON vfs.[database_id] = mf.[database_id] AND vfs.[file_id] = mf.[file_id]
+'
++ @Tables;
+
+EXEC sp_executesql @SqlStatement