Re-add version code to cmd/builder

[jackgopack4]

Revert "[chore] delete code to set a version and date, as it it not used (#10715)"
Remove date string but re-add functions that check for version number
This (mostly) reverts commit b53f57d.

Description

This re-enables the functionality to set a version number for ocb binary (cmd/builder). It was erroneously removed. It also adds unit tests for this functionality, as a warning is given on CI with no code coverage.

Link to tracking issue

Relates to open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-releases#664.
Closes #11220 along with open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-releases#665

Testing

ran build and release cycles inside personal fork repositories (jackgopack4/opentelemetry-collector and jackgopack4/opentelemetry-collector-releases)

Documentation

.chloggen file

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 91.82%. Comparing base (07c3e17) to head (efc72fa).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #11208      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   91.79%   91.82%   +0.03%     
==========================================
  Files         424      424              
  Lines       20094    20101       +7     
==========================================
+ Hits        18445    18458      +13     
+ Misses       1269     1265       -4     
+ Partials      380      378       -2     

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