move the rest of application env vars to configuration map

[tsloughter]

Completes the move to having all configuration read and parsed in in _app and passed to sub components. Only other place in the SDK application environment is still read is the app_env resource detector because that is what it is for, so I think it makes sense to leave it as is.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #328 (c9e0e54) into main (70681ed) will increase coverage by 0.14%.
The diff coverage is 92.59%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #328      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   38.49%   38.63%   +0.14%     
==========================================
  Files          51       51              
  Lines        3510     3499      -11     
==========================================
+ Hits         1351     1352       +1     
+ Misses       2159     2147      -12     

Flag	Coverage Δ
api	64.39% <ø> (ø)
elixir	15.12% <ø> (ø)
erlang	38.66% <92.59%> (+0.15%)	⬆️
exporter	21.68% <ø> (ø)
sdk	75.37% <92.59%> (+1.35%)	⬆️

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Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
apps/opentelemetry/src/otel_configuration.erl	79.09% <90.90%> (+4.31%)	⬆️
apps/opentelemetry/src/otel_resource_detector.erl	93.05% <100.00%> (+9.27%)	⬆️
apps/opentelemetry/src/otel_span_sup.erl	87.50% <100.00%> (ø)
apps/opentelemetry/src/otel_span_sweeper.erl	70.83% <100.00%> (-2.25%)	⬇️
apps/opentelemetry/src/otel_tracer_server.erl	70.00% <100.00%> (-2.73%)	⬇️

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