Improve Resource Detector timeout messaging

[jeremydvoss]

Description

Adds timeout catch to resource detector instead of a misleading warning with a blank exception. However, it seems concurrent.futures does not allow you to interrupt a task even after it has timed out. So, a badly written detector could still cause an application to hang.

Partially fixes #3644

Type of change

Please delete options that are not relevant.

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• This change requires a documentation update

How Has This Been Tested?

Unit tests and manually.

Does This PR Require a Contrib Repo Change?

Answer the following question based on these examples of changes that would require a Contrib Repo Change:

• The OTel specification has changed which prompted this PR to update the method interfaces of opentelemetry-api/ or opentelemetry-sdk/

• The method interfaces of test/util have changed

• Scripts in scripts/ that were copied over to the Contrib repo have changed

• Configuration files that were copied over to the Contrib repo have changed (when consistency between repositories is applicable) such as in

  • pyproject.toml
  • isort.cfg
  • .flake8

• When a new .github/CODEOWNER is added

• Major changes to project information, such as in:

  • README.md
  • CONTRIBUTING.md

• Yes. - Link to PR:

• No.

Checklist:

• Followed the style guidelines of this project
• Changelogs have been updated
• Unit tests have been added
• Documentation has been updated