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[chore] Update event semantic conventions #880

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22 changes: 22 additions & 0 deletions .chloggen/events.yaml
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@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
# Use this changelog template to create an entry for release notes.
#
# If your change doesn't affect end users you should instead start
# your pull request title with [chore] or use the "Skip Changelog" label.

# One of 'breaking', 'deprecation', 'new_component', 'enhancement', 'bug_fix'
change_type: enhancement

# The name of the area of concern in the attributes-registry, (e.g. http, cloud, db)
component: events

# A brief description of the change. Surround your text with quotes ("") if it needs to start with a backtick (`).
note: Provides additional definitions of log events and their structure.

# Mandatory: One or more tracking issues related to the change. You can use the PR number here if no issue exists.
# The values here must be integers.
issues: [ 755 ]

# (Optional) One or more lines of additional information to render under the primary note.
# These lines will be padded with 2 spaces and then inserted directly into the document.
# Use pipe (|) for multiline entries.
subtext:
5 changes: 4 additions & 1 deletion .gitignore
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Expand Up @@ -31,4 +31,7 @@ node_modules/
package-lock.json

# Visual Studio Code
.vscode
.vscode

# Visual Studio
.vs/
74 changes: 55 additions & 19 deletions docs/general/events.md
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Expand Up @@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ the conventions included here, and Events
The API abstracts away knowledge of `LogRecord` so that users only deal with Event
semantics.

In addition to a required name, an Event may contain a _payload_ of any type permitted by the
[LogRecord body](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/logs/data-model.md#field-body).
In its implementation, the Event _payload_ will constitute the `Body` of the `LogRecord`.
In addition to a required name, an Event may contain a _payload_ (data) of any type permitted
by the [LogRecord body](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/logs/data-model.md#field-body).
In its implementation, the Event _payload_ (data) will constitute the `Body` of the `LogRecord`.
Like all other OpenTelemetry signals, an Event has optional attribute metadata that helps describe
the event context.

Expand All @@ -32,17 +32,61 @@ field semantics, and stability and requirement levels. Other events may be user-
bespoke user semantics. When an Event name exists in the semantic conventions, its _payload_
structure and semantics will also be defined.

The following semantic conventions for events are defined:
## Event definition

* **[General](#general-event-attributes): General semantic attributes that may be used in describing Events.**
* [Exceptions](/docs/exceptions/exceptions-logs.md): Semantic attributes that may be used in describing exceptions as events.
<!-- semconv event -->
| Attribute | Type | Description | Examples | [Requirement Level](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/semconv/general/attribute-requirement-level/) | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [`event.name`](/docs/attributes-registry/event.md) | string | Identifies the class / type of event. [1] | `browser.mouse.click`; `device.app.lifecycle` | `Required` | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |

**[1]:** Event names are subject to the same rules as [attribute names](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/tree/v1.31.0/specification/common/attribute-naming.md). Notably, event names are namespaced to avoid collisions and provide a clean separation of semantics for events in separate domains like browser, mobile, and kubernetes.
<!-- endsemconv -->

### General event semantics

* An event MUST have an `event.name` attribute that uniquely identifies the event.
* It MAY have [standard](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/tree/v1.31.0/specification/common#attribute)
attributes that provide additional context about the event.
* It MAY contain a _payload_ (data) that describes the specific details of the
named event.
* The event name uniquely identifies event structure / type of the _payload_ (data)
and the set of attributes.
* The _payload_ (data) MAY contain any type supported by the OpenTelemetry data
model for the log [body](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/logs/data-model.md#field-body)
and the semantic conventions will define the expected structure of the _payload_
(data) for the event.
* The _payload_ (data) SHOULD be used to represent the structure of the event.
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Recommendations for defining events:

## General event attributes
* Use the _payload_ (data) to represent the details of the event instead of a
collection of [standard](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/tree/v1.31.0/specification/common#attribute)
attributes.
* Events SHOULD be generated / produced / recorded using the
[Event API](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/logs/event-api.md)
to ensure that the event is created using the configured SDK instance.
* The Event API is not yet available in all OpenTelemetry SDKs.
* TODO: Add deep link to the [compliance matrix of the Event API](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/spec-compliance-matrix.md)
when it exists.
* It's NOT RECOMMENDED to prefix the _payload_ (data) _fields_ with the `event.name` to
avoid redundancy and to keep the event definition clean.
* The events SHOULD document their semantic conventions including event name,
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attributes, and the payload.

Events are recorded as LogRecords that are shaped in a special way: Event
LogRecords MUST have the attribute `event.name` that uniquely identifies the event.
Events with the same `event.name` are structurally similar to one another. Events
may also have other LogRecord attributes.
### Event payload (data)

* Common attribute naming conventions and [registry](../attributes-registry/README.md)
requirements don't apply to event payload fields.
* The definition for OpenTelemetry defined events supports describing
individual _fields_ (Body Fields)
* The _fields_ are unique to the named event (`event.name`) and different events
may use the same _field_ name to represent different data, due to the unique
nature of the event.
* The _fields_ MAY reference / inherit details from the attribute registry
attributes and provide additional details specific to the event, including
providing an _alias_ (shorter) name for the attribute.

## External event compatibility

When recording events from an existing system as OpenTelemetry Events, it is
possible that the existing system does not have the equivalent of a name or
Expand All @@ -52,12 +96,4 @@ such that the name identifies the event structurally. It is also recommended tha
the event names have low-cardinality, so care must be taken to use fields
that identify the class of Events but not the instance of the Event.

<!-- semconv event -->
| Attribute | Type | Description | Examples | [Requirement Level](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/semconv/general/attribute-requirement-level/) | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [`event.name`](/docs/attributes-registry/event.md) | string | Identifies the class / type of event. [1] | `browser.mouse.click`; `device.app.lifecycle` | `Required` | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |

**[1]:** Event names are subject to the same rules as [attribute names](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/tree/v1.31.0/specification/common/attribute-naming.md). Notably, event names are namespaced to avoid collisions and provide a clean separation of semantics for events in separate domains like browser, mobile, and kubernetes.
<!-- endsemconv -->

[DocumentStatus]: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/tree/v1.31.0/specification/document-status.md
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