Use Pydantic v2 at runtime

[mattwthompson]

Closes #677

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[lilyminium]

FYI, this breaks filtering using the CurationWorkflow as seen in https://github.com/openforcefield/openff-sage/blob/a6a061ba8ebc144e3fda46f5f7a9e7a352b9cd2f/data-set-curation/physical-property/optimizations/curate-training-set.py#L103-L173 . Any reason it was set to "before"? "after" works for me.

I think it's because validation is run before the type attribute (Literal) gets a chance to distinguish different classes -- I wind up with errors like the below:

(Ignore the speculation above, I'm tired and not thinking clearly.)

2025-07-31 16:45:18,828 - __main__ - INFO - Starting at Thu Jul 31 16:45:18 2025
2025-07-31 16:45:34,560 - __main__ - INFO - Loading 9216 data
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/lily/pydev/ash-sage-rc2/01_download-data/physprop/final/filter-data-training.py", line 264, in <module>
    main()
  File "/Users/lily/micromamba/envs/evaluator-050/lib/python3.11/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1442, in __call__
    return self.main(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/lily/micromamba/envs/evaluator-050/lib/python3.11/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1363, in main
    rv = self.invoke(ctx)
         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/lily/micromamba/envs/evaluator-050/lib/python3.11/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1226, in invoke
    return ctx.invoke(self.callback, **ctx.params)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/lily/micromamba/envs/evaluator-050/lib/python3.11/site-packages/click/core.py", line 794, in invoke
    return callback(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/lily/pydev/ash-sage-rc2/01_download-data/physprop/final/filter-data-training.py", line 239, in main
    training_set_frame = curate_data_set(
                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/lily/pydev/ash-sage-rc2/01_download-data/physprop/final/filter-data-training.py", line 161, in curate_data_set
    curation_schema = CurationWorkflowSchema(
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/lily/micromamba/envs/evaluator-050/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic/main.py", line 253, in __init__
    validated_self = self.__pydantic_validator__.validate_python(data, self_instance=self)
                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/lily/pydev/openff-evaluator/openff/evaluator/datasets/curation/components/filtering.py", line 798, in _validate_mutually_exclusive
    smirks_to_include = values.get("smirks_to_include")
                        ^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/lily/micromamba/envs/evaluator-050/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pydantic/main.py", line 989, in __getattr__
    raise AttributeError(f'{type(self).__name__!r} object has no attribute {item!r}')
AttributeError: 'FilterByEnvironmentsSchema' object has no attribute 'get'