Paper-reviewer affinity modeling for OpenReview

A key part of matching papers to reviewers is having a good model of paper-reviewer affinity. This repository holds code and tools for generating affinity scores between papers and reviewers.

Model Descriptions

SPECTER - SPECTER: Document-level Representation Learning using Citation-informed Transformers (2020)

SPECTER is a BERT-based document encoder for scientific articles using titles and abstracts. SPECTER is first initialized using SciBERT as a scientific-text specific starting point and uses inter-document citation graph information to learn a general-purpose embedding. During training, SPECTER sees 3 papers: a query paper, a paper cited by the query for a positive example, and a paper cited by the positive example but not the query. SPECTER learns to group together documents where one document cites the other and separate documents that are farther away on the citation graph. SPECTER can be used for inference without any additional citation information.

Multi-facet Recommender (MFR) - Cold-start Paper Recommendation using Multi-facet Embedding (2021)

Multi-facet Recommender (MFR) is a transformer-based recommendation system for scientific papers. The core principle is that articles can have several different key areas whose information is lost when compressing the title and abstract into a single embedding. Papers in MFR are represented with multiple vectors called facets. Authors are built by minimizing the distance between the author representation and all facets of each of their publications. A recommendation is made by scoring the author against the most similar facet of a venue’s submission.

Specter + MFR are ensembled at the reviewer-paper affinity score level with a weight of 0.8 on SPECTER and 0.2 on MFR.

SPECTER2 - SciRepEval: A Multi-Format Benchmark for Scientific Document Representations (2022, model updated with papers from 2023)

SPECTER2’s underlying architecture is very similar to SPECTER, but pre-trained on a larger set of documents spanning a broader number of fields of study. This pre-trained model is SPECTER2 base, further training is done to learn task format-specific adapter layers and attention modules as a middle ground between using a single embedding for all downstream tasks and specific embeddings per task. We use the proximity adapter for paper recommendation, where the training objective is the same triplet loss as the pre-training objective, as well as the original SPECTER objective.

SciNCL - Neighborhood Contrastive Learning for Scientific Document Representations with Citation Embeddings (2022)

SciNCL is another transformer-based document encoder initialized on SciBERT. SciNCL looks to address some key design choices in the SPECTER models training procedure. While they share the same triplet-loss objective, SPECTER uses the discrete citations, which may miss similar papers but were not cited and may reflect citation policy rather than pure similarity, and unidirectional citations, which can cause a paper to be both a positive and negative example. SciNCL first trains embeddings over the citation graph to move the embeddings into a continuous space, and uses nearest neighbors of a query document to determine its triplets for training.

Specter2 + SciNCL are ensembled at the paper-paper similarity level with equal weights of 0.5 on each model.

Performance

We use metrics provided by Stelmakh et al. as they correlated most closely with the problem of recommending papers to reviewers with sufficient expertise. The task is: given a reviewer's profile in the form of their publications, and their self-reported expertise on reviewing two papers, return the correct ordering of papers so that the higher expertise-ranked paper is recommended fist. The table below reports the following evaluations:

1. Loss: An error from the underlying model occurs when the higher rated paper is returned as the second result. The loss is the absolute difference between the expertise ratings, so that the more obvious the error, the higher loss is incurred. A formal definition is provided here in subsection 5.1.
2. Easy Triples: Accuracy of a model on data where the gap between the expertise ratings is large, indicating an obvious error.
3. Hard Triples: Accuracy of a model on data where the gap between the expertise ratings is small, indicating a less-obvious error that requires fine-grained understanding to be correct.

The following table is partially taken from Stelmakh et al., where SPECTER2, SciNCL and SPECTER2+SciNCL were evaluated by the OpenReview team on their public dataset and evaluation scripts.

Model	Loss	Easy Triples	Hard Triples
TPMS (Full)	N/A	0.84	0.64
TPMS	0.28	0.80	0.62
ELMo	0.34	0.70	0.57
SPECTER	0.27	0.85	0.57
SPECTER+MFR	0.24	0.88	0.60
ACL	0.30	0.78	0.62
SPECTER2	0.22	0.89	0.61
SciNCL	0.22	0.90	0.65
SPECTER2+SciNCL	0.21	0.91	0.65

Installation

This repository only supports Python 3.6 and above. Python 3.8 and above is required to run SPECTER2 Clone this repository and install the package using pip as follows. You may use the pip command in a conda environment as long as you first run all the pip installs and then conda installs. Just follow the order of the commands shown below and it should work. You may read more about this here.

Run this command only if you are using conda:

conda create -n affinity python=3.8
conda activate affinity
conda install pip

pip install <location of this repository>

If you plan to actively develop models, it's best to install the package in "edit" mode, so that you don't need to reinstall the package every time you make changes:

pip install -e <location of this repository>

Because some of the libraries are specific to our operating system you would need to install these dependencies separately. We expect to improve this in the future. If you plan to use SPECTER, Multifacet-Recommender (MFR), SPECTER+MFR, SPECTER2+SciNCL with GPU you need to install pytorch by selecting the right configuration for your particular OS, otherwise, if you are only using the CPU, the current dependencies should be fine.

If you plan to use SPECTER / SPECTER+MFR, with the conda environment affinity active:

git clone https://github.com/allenai/specter.git
cd specter

wget https://ai2-s2-research-public.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/specter/archive.tar.gz
tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz

conda install pytorch cudatoolkit=10.1 -c pytorch 
pip install -r requirements.txt
python setup.py install
conda install filelock
cd ..
pip install -I protobuf==3.20.1
pip install numpy==1.24.4 --force-reinstall

Pass the path to the cloned GitHub repository as model_params.specter_dir.

If you plan to use Multifacet-Recommender / SPECTER+MFR, download the checkpoint files from here, extract it, and pass the paths:

"feature_vocab_file": <path_to_untarred_dir>/feature_vocab_file,
"model_checkpoint_dir": <path_to_untarred_dir>/mfr_model_checkpoint/

If you plan on running the tests, the checkpoints must be located at the following paths relative to the openreview-expertise directory:

../expertise-utils/multifacet_recommender/feature_vocab_file
../expertise-utils/multifacet_recommender/mfr_model_checkpoint/

More information about SPECTER+MFR, read these papers:

https://www.overleaf.com/read/ygmygwtjbzfg

https://www.overleaf.com/read/swqrxgqqvmyv

The following instructions are all of the commands to install the dependencies used by this repository - this follows the same commands listed above and assumes you start in the openreview-expertise directory after cloning it:

conda update -y conda
conda create -n expertise python=$PYTHON_VERSION -c conda-forge
conda activate expertise
mkdir ../expertise-utils
cd ../expertise-utils
git clone https://github.com/allenai/specter.git
cd specter
wget https://ai2-s2-research-public.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/specter/archive.tar.gz
tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz
conda install pytorch cudatoolkit=10.1 -c pytorch 
pip install -r requirements.txt
python setup.py install
conda install -y filelock
cd ..
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/openreview-public/openreview-expertise/models-data/multifacet_recommender_data.tar.gz -O mfr.tar.gz
tar -xzvf mfr.tar.gz
mv ./multifacet_recommender_data ./multifacet_recommender
cd ~/openreview-expertise
pip install -e .
conda install -y intel-openmp==2019.4
conda install -y faiss-cpu==1.7.3 -c pytorch
pip install -I protobuf==3.20.1
pip install numpy==1.24.4 --force-reinstall

Affinity Scores

There are two steps to create affinity scores:

• Create Dataset
• Run Model

The dataset can be generated using the OpenReview python API which should be installed when this repository is installed. You can generate your own dataset from some other source as long as it is compliant with the format shown in the Datasets section. Start by creating an "experiment directory" (experiment_dir), and a JSON config file (e.g. config.json) in it. Go to the Configuration File section for details on how to create the config.json.

Create a dataset by running the following command:

python -m expertise.create_dataset config.json \
	--baseurl <usually https://api.openreview.net> \
	--baseurl_v2 <usually https://api2.openreview.net> \
	--password <your_password> \
	--username <your_username> \

If you wish to create your own dataset without using the OpenReview API to obtain the data, please follow the formatting provided below:

For SPECTER, Multifacet-Recommender and BM25 run the following command

python -m expertise.run config.json

The output will generate a .csv file with the name pattern <config_name>.csv.

For TF-IDF Sparse Vector Similarity run the following command:

python -m expertise.tfidf_scores config.json

The output will generate a .csv file with the name pattern <config_name>-scores.csv.

Running the Server

The server is implemented in Flask and can be started from the command line:

python -m expertise.service --host localhost --port 5000

By default, the app will run on http://localhost:5000. The endpoint /expertise/test should show a simple page indicating that Flask is running. Accessing the /expertise endpoint to compute affinity scores requires valid authentication in the headers of the request (i.e submitted from a logged in Python client)

In order to start the Celery queue worker, use:

celery --app expertise.service.server.celery_app worker

By default, if using SPECTER and/or MFR, the server config expects the checkpoints to be placed in the following directories:

SPECTER_DIR = '../expertise-utils/specter/'
MFR_VOCAB_DIR = '../expertise-utils/multifacet_recommender/feature_vocab_file'
MFR_CHECKPOINT_DIR = '../expertise-utils/multifacet_recommender/mfr_model_checkpoint/'

See /expertise/service/README.md for documentation on the API design and endpoints.

When SPECTER is run as a service, it creates ~1GB of extra files get stored in a temporary directory and are not automatically cleaned up. In order to cleanup these files, you can run the following command. WARNING: Any currently running jobs have the potential to fail when performing this operation

./clean_tmp

Configuration

Configuration files are located in /expertise/service/config. When started, the server will search for a .cfg file in /expertise/service/config that matches the environment variable FLASK_ENV, and will default to the values in default.cfg.

For example, with file /expertise/service/config/development.cfg:

# development.cfg
LOG_FILE='development.log'

OPENREVIEW_USERNAME='OpenReview.net'
OPENREVIEW_PASSWORD='Or$3cur3P@ssw0rd'
OPENREVIEW_BASEURL='http://localhost:3000'

Start the server with development.cfg:

FLASK_ENV=development python -m expertise.service

Note that Flask will set FLASK_ENV to "production" by default, so if a file production.cfg exists, and the FLASK_ENV variable is unset, then the app will overwrite default values with those in production.cfg.

Configuration File

The configuration file or config.json is the file that contains all the parameters to calculate affinity scores. Below you will find examples of possible configurations depending on the Model that you want to use. You may have a config file for creating the dataset and another for generating the affinity scores, something like dataset-config.json and affinity-config.json. However you can have everything in a single file like in the examples below:

Create Dataset Configuration Options

This parameters could be included in a separate file, like dataset-config.json, as was mentioned before.

• match_group: (optional) String or array of strings containing the groups of Reviewers or Area Chairs. The Reviewers (and Area Chairs) will get affinity scores with respect to the submitted papers based on their expertise. This expertise is obtained based on the publications available in OpenReview. It can be provided instead of or on top of the reviewer_ids and csv_expertise, the values will be combined.
• alternate_match_group: (optional) String or array of strings containing group IDs. The members will get affinity scores with respect to the match_group members based on their expertise. This expertise is obtained based on the publications available in OpenReview.
• reviewer_ids: (optional) Array of strings containing the IDs of the reviewers. An ID can either be an email associated to an OpenReview Profile or the OpenReview ID, also known as a Tilde ID, for a Profile. The array can be a combination of both these types of IDs. It can be provided instead of or on top of the match_group and csv_expertise, the values will be combined.
• csv_expertise: (optinal) String with the relative path from dataset.directory to a csv file containing the expertise in the following format: "author id","publication_id","title","abstract". This can be added instead of or on top of match_group and reviewer_ids, the values will be combined.
• paper_invitation: (optional) String or array of strings with the submission invitations. This is the invitation for Submissions, all the submissions in OpenReview for a particular venue have an invitation and that is how they are grouped together.
• paper_venueid: (optional) String with the submission venue id. In API2, submissions may have multiple invitations which accumulate as the submission is modified. The venue id is a way of grouping submissions in API2 using a singular value.
• paper_id: (optional) String with the submission ID. All submissions in OpenReview have an associated unique ID that can be used to fetch the paper.
• exclusion_inv (optional): String or array of strings with the exclusion invitations. Reviewers (and Area Chairs) can choose to exclude some of their papers before the affinity scores are calculated so that they get papers that are more aligned to their current expertise/interest. Papers included here will not be taken into consideration when calculating the affinity scores.
• csv_submissions: (optional) String with the relative path from dataset.directory to a csv file containing the submissions in the following format: "submission_id","title","abstract". This can be added on top of paper_invitation, the values will be combined.
• bid_inv (optional): String or array of strings with the bid invitations. Bids are used by the reviewers in OpenReview to select papers that they would or would not like to review. These bids are then used to compute a final affinity score to be more fair with the reviewers.
• use_email_ids (optional): Boolean value. If true, then the email of the user is used instead of his/her OpenReview Profile ID.
• max_workers (optional): Number indicating the amount of workers that will be used to retrieve the expertise from OpenReview. If it is not set, it will use the maximum available workers of your machine by default. The more workers the faster the creation of the dataset
• dataset.directory: This is the directory where the data will be dumped. Once create_dataset finishes running, all the folders with the files inside will be in there.
• dataset.minimum_pub_date (optional): Number indicating the Unix date in milliseconds (that's what we use in OpenReview) of the publication. Any publication before this date will not be included in the dataset. If this parameter is included with dataset.top_recent_pubs, then, the intersection of the publications meeting both criteria will be selected. If instead, the user wants to include the union between both results, then, both parameters should be included inside the dataset.or field. Look at the examples for more details.
• dataset.top_recent_pubs (optional): Number or string indicating a percentage. If the user sets a number, like 3, then only the 3 most recent publications are taken into consideration. If the reviewer has less than 3 publications, then all his/her publications are taken into consideration. For percentages, if we select 10%, this will still work for 3 publications. 10% of 3 is 0.3, however, decimal values are always rounded to the next integer, so the result in this case would be 1. If this parameter is included with dataset.minimum_pub_date, then, the intersection of the publications meeting both criteria will be selected. If instead, the user wants to include the union between both results, then, both parameters should be included inside the dataset.or field. Look at the examples for more details.

Here is an example:

{
    "match_group": ["ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/Reviewers", "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/Area_Chairs"],
    "paper_invitation": "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/-/Blind_Submission",
    "exclusion_inv": "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/-/Expertise_Selection",
    "bid_inv": "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/-/Add_Bid",
    "dataset": {
        "directory": "./"
    }
}

Here is an example with minimum_pub_date and top_recent_pubs with AND relationship:

{
    "match_group": ["ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/Reviewers", "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/Area_Chairs"],
    "paper_invitation": "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/-/Blind_Submission",
    "exclusion_inv": "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/-/Expertise_Selection",
    "bid_inv": "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/-/Add_Bid",
    "dataset": {
        "directory": "./",
        "minimum_pub_date": 1483228800000,
        "top_recent_pubs": 5
    }
}

Here is an example with minimum_pub_date and top_recent_pubs with OR relationship:

{
    "match_group": ["ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/Reviewers", "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/Area_Chairs"],
    "paper_invitation": "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/-/Blind_Submission",
    "exclusion_inv": "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/-/Expertise_Selection",
    "bid_inv": "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/-/Add_Bid",
    "dataset": {
        "directory": "./",
        "or": {
            "minimum_pub_date": 1483228800000,
            "top_recent_pubs": "10%"
        }
    }
}

Here is an example with reviewer_ids:

{
    "match_group": ["ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/Reviewers", "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/Area_Chairs"],
    "reviewer_ids": ["~Carlos_Mondra1", "mondra@email.com", "1234@email.com", ...]
    "paper_invitation": "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/-/Blind_Submission",
    "exclusion_inv": "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/-/Expertise_Selection",
    "bid_inv": "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/-/Add_Bid",
    "dataset": {
        "directory": "./"
    }
}

Here is an example with csv_submissions and csv_expertise. In this case, both files should be placed here ./csv_expertise.csv and here ./csv_submissions.

{
    "match_group": ["ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/Reviewers", "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/Area_Chairs"],
    "csv_expertise": "csv_expertise.csv",
    "reviewer_ids": ["~Carlos_Mondra1", "mondra@email.com", "1234@email.com", ...]
    "paper_invitation": "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/-/Blind_Submission",
    "csv_submissions": "csv_submissions.csv",
    "exclusion_inv": "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/-/Expertise_Selection",
    "bid_inv": "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/-/Add_Bid",
    "dataset": {
        "directory": "./"
    }
}

Affinity Scores Configuration Options

These parameters could be included in a separate file, like affinity-config.json, as was mentioned before.

• name: This is the name that the .csv file containing the affinity scores will have.
• model_params.scores_path: This is the directory where the .csv file with the scores will be dumped.
• model_params.use_title: Boolean that indicates whether to use the title for the affinity scores or not. If this is true and model_params.use_abstract is also true, then, whenever a Submission or Publication does not have an abstract, it will fallback to the title.
• model_params.use_abstract: Boolean that indicates whether to use the abstract for the affinity scores or not. If this is true and model_params.use_title is also true, then, whenever a Submission or Publication does not have an abstract, it will fallback to the title.
• model_params.sparse_value (optional): Numerical value. If passed, instead of returning all the possible reviewer-submission combinations, only the top scores will be returned. The number of top scores will be determined by the sparse_value. That does not mean that the number of scores per submission will be equal to the sparse_value. Here is an example, if there are only 10 submissions and 5 reviewers, there would be a total of 50 scores. If we set the sparse_value to 5, each reviewer will get the top 5 submissions that are most similar to their publications. However, there might be a submission (or more submissions) that is not among the top 5 of any reviewer. In order to ensure that all submissions also have reviewers, the top 5 reviewers are assigned to each submission. As you can imagine, some reviewers will have more than 5 submissions assigned because of this reason.
• dataset.directory: This is the directory where the data will be read from. If create_dataset is used, then the files will have the required format. If, however, the data does not come from OpenReview, then the dataset should be compliant with the format specified in the Datasets section.
• dataset.with_title (optional): Boolean to indicate if only publications in OpenReview with title should be included.
• dataset.with_abstract (optional): Boolean to indicate if only publications in OpenReview with abstract should be included.

BM25Okapi specific parameters:

• model_params.workers: This is the number of processes that for BM25Okapi. This depends on your machine, but 4 is usually a safe value.

Here is an example:

{
    "name": "iclr2020_bm25_abstracts",
    "dataset": {
        "directory": "./"
    },
    "model": "bm25",
    "model_params": {
        "scores_path": "./",
        "use_title": false,
        "use_abstract": true,
        "workers": 4,
        "publications_path": "./",
        "submissions_path": "./"
    }
}

SPECTER specific parameters (affinity scores):

• model_params.specter_dir: Path to the unpacked SPECTER directory. The model checkpoint will be loaded relative to this directory.
• model_params.work_dir: When running SPECTER, this is where the intermediate files are stored.
• model_params.use_cuda: Boolean to indicate whether to use GPU (true) or CPU (false) when running SPECTER. Currently, only 1 GPU is supported, but there does not seem to be necessary to have more.
• model_params.batch_size: Batch size when running SPECTER. This defaults to 16.
• model_params.publications_path: When running SPECTER, this is where the embedded abstracts/titles of the Reviewers (and Area Chairs) are stored.
• model_params.submissions_path: When running SPECTER, this is where the embedded abstracts/titles of the Submissions are stored.
• model_params.average_score (boolean, defaults to false): This parameter specifies that the reviewer is assigned based on the average similarity of the submission to the authored publication embeddings. Exactly one of model_params.average_score and model_params.max_score must be true.
• model_params.max_score (boolean, defaults to true): This parameter specifies that the reviewer is assigned based on the max similarity of the submission to the authored publication embeddings. Exactly one of model_params.average_score and model_params.max_score must be true.
• model_params.skip_specter: Since running SPECTER can take a significant amount of time, the vectors are saved in model_params.submissions_path and model_params.publications_path. The jsonl files will be loaded with all the vectors.
• model_params.use_redis (boolean, defaults to false): Needs RedisAI to be installed, set to true to cache embeddings in Redis for recurrent use

Here is an example:

{
    "name": "iclr2020_specter",
    "dataset": {
        "directory": "./"
    },
    "model": "specter",
    "model_params": {
        "specter_dir": "../specter/",
        "work_dir": "./",
        "average_score": false,
        "max_score": true,
        "use_cuda": true,
        "batch_size": 16,
        "publications_path": "./",
        "submissions_path": "./",
        "scores_path": "./",
        "use_redis": false
    }
}

Multifacet-Recommender specific parameters (affinity scores):

• model_params.feature_vocab_file: Path to the vocablary file for the text encoders
• model_params.model_checkpoint_dir: Path to the directory containing the trained Multifacet-Recommender model checkpoints
• model_params.work_dir: When running Multifacet-Recommender, this is where the intermediate files are stored.
• model_params.epochs: Number of epochs to finetune reviewer embeddings. This defaults to 100.
• model_params.batch_size: Batch size when running Multifacet-Recommender. This defaults to 50.
• model_params.use_cuda: Boolean to indicate whether to use GPU (true) or CPU (false) when running Multifacet-Recommender. Currently, only 1 GPU is supported, but there does not seem to be necessary to have more.

Here is an example:

{
    "name": "iclr2020_mfr",
    "dataset": {
        "directory": "./"
    },
    "model": "mfr",
    "model_params": {
        "feature_vocab_file": "../mfr_data/feature_vocab_file",
        "model_checkpoint_dir": "../mfr_data/mfr_model_checkpoint/",
        "work_dir": "./",
        "epochs": 100,
        "batch_size": 50,
        "use_cuda": true,
        "scores_path": "./"
    }
}

SPECTER+MFR ensemble specific parameters (affinity scores):

• model_params.specter_dir: Path to the unpacked SPECTER directory. The model checkpoint will be loaded relative to this directory.
• model_params.specter_batch_size: Batch size when running SPECTER. This defaults to 16.
• model_params.publications_path: When running SPECTER, this is where the embedded abstracts/titles of the Reviewers (and Area Chairs) are stored.
• model_params.submissions_path: When running SPECTER, this is where the embedded abstracts/titles of the Submissions are stored.
• model_params.average_score (boolean, defaults to false): This parameter specifies that the reviewer is assigned based on the average similarity of the submission to the authored publication embeddings. Exactly one of model_params.average_score and model_params.max_score must be true.
• model_params.max_score (boolean, defaults to true): This parameter specifies that the reviewer is assigned based on the max similarity of the submission to the authored publication embeddings. Exactly one of model_params.average_score and model_params.max_score must be true.
• model_params.skip_specter: Since running SPECTER can take a significant amount of time, the vectors are saved in model_params.submissions_path and model_params.publications_path. The jsonl files will be loaded with all the vectors.
• model_params.mfr_feature_vocab_file: Path to the vocablary file for the Multifacet-Recommender text encoders.
• model_params.mfr_checkpoint_dir: Path to the directory containing the trained Multifacet-Recommender model checkpoints.
• model_params.mfr_epochs: Number of epochs to finetune reviewer embeddings for Multifacet-Recommender. This defaults to 100.
• model_params.mfr_batch_size: Batch size when running Multifacet-Recommender. This defaults to 50.
• model_params.merge_alpha: Weight for the SPECTER score when linearly mixing with Multifacet-Recommender scores. Defaults to 0.8 (recommended)
• model_params.work_dir: Directory where the intermediate files are stored.
• model_params.use_cuda: Boolean to indicate whether to use GPU (true) or CPU (false) when running SPECTER and Multifacet-Recommender. Currently, only 1 GPU is supported, but there does not seem to be necessary to have more.
• model_params.use_redis (boolean, defaults to false): Needs RedisAI to be installed, set to true to cache embeddings in Redis for recurrent use

Here is an example:

{
    "name": "iclr2020_specter",
    "dataset": {
        "directory": "./"
    },
    "model": "specter+mfr",
    "model_params": {
        "specter_dir": "../specter/",
        "average_score": false,
        "max_score": true,
        "specter_batch_size": 16,
        "publications_path": "./",
        "submissions_path": "./",
        "mfr_feature_vocab_file": "../mfr_data/feature_vocab_file",
        "mfr_checkpoint_dir": "../mfr_data/mfr_model_checkpoint/",
        "mfr_epochs": 100,
        "mfr_batch_size": 50,
        "merge_alpha": 0.8,
        "work_dir": "./",
        "use_cuda": true,
        "scores_path": "./",
        "use_redis": false
    }
}

TF-IDF Sparse Vector Similarity specific parameters with suggested values:

• min_count_for_vocab: 1,
• random_seed: 9,
• max_num_keyphrases: 25,
• do_lower_case: true,
• experiment_dir: "./"

Here is an example:

{
    "name": "iclr2020_reviewers_tfidf",
    "match_group": ["ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/Reviewers", "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/Area_Chairs"],
    "paper_invitation": "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/-/Blind_Submission",
    "exclusion_inv": "ICLR.cc/2020/Conference/-/Expertise_Selection",
    "min_count_for_vocab": 1,
    "random_seed": 9,
    "max_num_keyphrases": 25,
    "do_lower_case": true,
    "dataset": {
        "directory": "./"
    },
    "experiment_dir": "./"
}

Datasets

The framework expects datasets to adhere to a specific format. Each dataset directory should be structured as follows:

dataset-name/
	archives/
		~User_Id1.jsonl 		# user's tilde IDs
		~User_Id2.jsonl
		...
	submissions/
		aBc123XyZ.jsonl 		# paper IDs
		ZYx321Abc.jsonl
		...
	bids/
		aBc123XyZ.jsonl 		# should have same IDs as /submissions
		ZYx321Abc.jsonl
		...

In case BM25 is used, then the Submissions (and Other Submissions when doing duplicate detection) can have the following format

dataset-name/
	submissions.jsonl
    other_submissions.jsonl     # Only needed for duplicate detection

The files submissions.jsonl and other_submissions.jsonl will have a stringified JSON submission per line.

The archives folder will contain the user ids of people that will review papers. The reviewers should have publications for the affinity scores to be calculated. For example, the ~User_Id1.jsonl file will contain all the his publications.

The submissions folder contains all the submissions of a particular venue. The name of the file is the id used to identify the submission in OpenReview. Each file will only contain one line with all the submission content.

Alternatively, instead of using the submissions folder for BM25, the submissions.jsonl and other_submissions.jsonl will have a strigified JSON submission per line.

The stringified JSONs representing a Submission or Publication should have the following schema to work:

{
    id: <unique-id>,
    content: {
        title: <some-title>,
        abstract: <some-abstract>
    }
}

Other fields are allowed, but this is what the code will be looking for.

The bids folder is usually not necessary to compute affinity scores or for duplicate detection. Bids are used by the reviewers in OpenReview to select papers that they would or would not like to review. These bids are then used to compute a final affinity score to be more fair with the reviewers.

Some datasets differ slightly in terms of the format of the data; these should be accounted for in the experiment's configuration.

Some older conferences use a bidding format that differs from the default "Very High" to "Very Low" scale. This can be parameterized in the config.json file (e.g.) as follows:

{
    "name": "uai18-tfidf",
    "dataset": {
        "directory": "/path/to/uai18/dataset",
        "bid_values": [
            "I want to review",
            "I can review",
            "I can probably review but am not an expert",
            "I cannot review",
            "No bid"
        ],
        "positive_bid_values": ["I want to review", "I can review"]
    },
    ...
}

Test Setup

Running the openreview-expertise test suite requires some initial setup. First, the OpenReview API and OpenReview API2 backend must be installed locally and configured to run on ports 3000 and 3001. For more information on how to install and configure those services see the README for each project:

• OpenReview API
• OpenReview API2

Run Tests

Once the test setup above is complete you should be ready to run the test suite. To do so, start the OpenReview API backend running on localhost:

NODE_ENV=circleci node scripts/clean_start_app.js

and in a new shell start the OpenReview API2 backend:

 NODE_ENV=circleci node scripts/setup_app.js

Once both are running, start the tests:

pytest tests

Note: If you have previously set environment variables with your OpenReview credentials, make sure to clear them before running the tests: unset OPENREVIEW_USERNAME && unset OPENREVIEW_PASSWORD

To run a single set of tests from a file, you can include the file name as an argument. For example:

pytest tests/test_double_blind_conference.py

Test (Outdated)

The testing methodology used for the model tries to check how good the model is. We are aware that this may not be the best strategy, but it has given good results so far. The test consists on using the publications of several reviewers and take one of those publications out from the corpus. We then use that extracted publication to calculate affinity scores against the remaining publications in the corpus. If the model is good then, we expect the authors of the extracted publication to have the highest affinity scores.

This method has two obvious disadvantages:

• It only works if the author has at least two publications.
• It also assumes that all the publications of an author (or at least two of them) are very similar.

So far, we have seen that the last assumption seems to be true. We tested this on ~50,000 publications. Here are some results:

First	ELMo	BM25
1	0.383	0.318
5	0.485	0.486
10	0.516	0.538
100	0.671	0.735

This table shows that 38.3% of the time ELMo gets the author of the paper as the best ranked. Likewise, 31.8% of the time BM25 gets the author of the paper as the best ranked. We will conduct more tests in the future.