Raise ValueError when given invalid SQLite3 URL

[c-bata]

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Reference Issues/PRs

Follow-up #800

What does this implement/fix? Explain your changes.

Raise ValueError when given invalid SQLite3 URL.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 50.00000% with 1 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 69.60%. Comparing base (652af58) to head (f7359e1).
Report is 3 commits behind head on main.

Files	Patch %	Lines
optuna_dashboard/_storage_url.py	50.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main     #838   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   69.60%   69.60%           
=======================================
  Files          35       35           
  Lines        2375     2375           
=======================================
  Hits         1653     1653           
  Misses        722      722           

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