Add support for 'OnUpdate'

README.md

@@ -36,6 +36,49 @@ func main() {
 }
 ```
 
+## Documentation
+
+### OnUpdate Foreign Key Constraint
+
+Since Oracle doesn’t support `ON UPDATE` in foreign keys, the driver simulates it using **triggers**.
+
+When a field has a constraint tagged with `OnUpdate`, the driver:
+
+1. Skips generating the unsupported `ON UPDATE` clause in the foreign key definition.
+2. Creates a trigger on the parent table that automatically cascades updates to the child table(s) whenever the referenced column is changed.
+
+The `OnUpdate` tag accepts the following values (case-insensitive): `CASCADE`, `SET NULL`, and `SET DEFAULT`.
+
+Take the following struct for an example:
+
+```go
+type Profile struct {
+  ID    uint
+  Name  string
+  Refer uint
+}
+
+type Member struct {
+  ID        uint
+  Name      string
+  ProfileID uint
+  Profile   Profile `gorm:"Constraint:OnUpdate:CASCADE"`
+}
+```
+
+Trigger SQL created by the driver when migrating:
+
+```sql
+CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER "fk_trigger_profiles_id_members_profile_id"
+AFTER UPDATE OF "id" ON "profiles"
+FOR EACH ROW
+BEGIN
+  UPDATE "members"
+  SET "profile_id" = :NEW."id"
+  WHERE "profile_id" = :OLD."id";
+END;
+```
+
 ## Contributing
 
 This project welcomes contributions from the community. Before submitting a pull request, please [review our contribution guide](./CONTRIBUTING.md)

oracle/common.go

@@ -424,6 +424,12 @@ func writeQuotedIdentifier(builder *strings.Builder, identifier string) {
 	builder.WriteByte('"')
 }
 
+func QuoteIdentifier(identifier string) string {
+	var builder strings.Builder
+	writeQuotedIdentifier(&builder, identifier)
+	return builder.String()
+}
+
 // writeTableRecordCollectionDecl writes the PL/SQL declarations needed to
 // define a custom record type and a collection of that record type,
 // based on the schema of the given table.

oracle/migrator.go

@@ -145,6 +145,19 @@ func (m Migrator) CreateTable(values ...interface{}) error {
 					}
 					if constraint := rel.ParseConstraint(); constraint != nil {
 						if constraint.Schema == stmt.Schema {
+							// Oracle doesn’t support OnUpdate on foreign keys.
+							// Use a trigger instead to propagate the update to the child table instead.
+							if len(constraint.References) > 0 && constraint.OnUpdate != "" {
+								defer func(tx *gorm.DB, table string, constraint *schema.Constraint, onUpdate string) {
+									if err == nil {
+										// retore the OnUpdate value
+										constraint.OnUpdate = onUpdate
+										err = m.createUpadateCascadeTrigger(tx, constraint)
+									}
+								}(tx, stmt.Table, constraint, constraint.OnUpdate)
+								constraint.OnUpdate = ""
+							}
+
 							// If the same set of foreign keys already references the parent column,
 							// remove duplicates to avoid ORA-02274: duplicate referential constraint specifications
 							var foreignKeys []string
@@ -399,6 +412,32 @@ func (m Migrator) ColumnTypes(value interface{}) ([]gorm.ColumnType, error) {
 	return columnTypes, execErr
 }
 
+// CreateConstraint creates constraint based on the given 'value' and 'name'
+func (m Migrator) CreateConstraint(value interface{}, name string) error {
+	return m.RunWithValue(value, func(stmt *gorm.Statement) error {
+		constraint, table := m.GuessConstraintInterfaceAndTable(stmt, name)
+		if constraint != nil {
+			if c, ok := constraint.(*schema.Constraint); ok {
+				// Oracle doesn’t support OnUpdate on foreign keys.
+				// Use a trigger instead to propagate the update to the child table instead.
+				if len(c.References) > 0 && c.OnUpdate != "" {
+					m.createUpadateCascadeTrigger(m.DB, c)
+					c.OnUpdate = ""
+					constraint = c
+				}
+			}
+
+			vars := []interface{}{clause.Table{Name: table}}
+			if stmt.TableExpr != nil {
+				vars[0] = stmt.TableExpr
+			}
+			sql, values := constraint.Build()
+			return m.DB.Exec("ALTER TABLE ? ADD "+sql, append(vars, values...)...).Error
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
 // HasConstraint checks whether the table for the given `value` contains the specified constraint `name`
 func (m Migrator) HasConstraint(value interface{}, name string) bool {
 	var count int64
@@ -418,6 +457,33 @@ func (m Migrator) HasConstraint(value interface{}, name string) bool {
 	return count > 0
 }
 
+// DropConstraint drops constraint based on the given 'value' and 'name'
+func (m Migrator) DropConstraint(value interface{}, name string) error {
+	if err := m.RunWithValue(value, func(stmt *gorm.Statement) error {
+
+		constraint, _ := m.GuessConstraintInterfaceAndTable(stmt, name)
+
+		if c, ok := constraint.(*schema.Constraint); ok && c != nil {
+			if len(c.References) > 0 && c.OnUpdate != "" {
+				for i, fk := range c.ForeignKeys {
+					triggerName := m.FkTriggerName(
+						c.ReferenceSchema.Table,
+						c.References[i].DBName,
+						c.Schema.Table,
+						fk.DBName,
+					)
+					return m.DB.Exec("DROP TRIGGER ?", clause.Column{Name: triggerName}).Error
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return m.Migrator.DropConstraint(value, name)
+}
+
 // DropIndex drops the index with the specified `name` from the table associated with `value`
 func (m Migrator) DropIndex(value interface{}, name string) error {
 	return m.RunWithValue(value, func(stmt *gorm.Statement) error {
@@ -569,3 +635,64 @@ func (m Migrator) isNumeric(s string) bool {
 	_, err := strconv.ParseFloat(s, 64)
 	return err == nil
 }
+
+func (m Migrator) FkTriggerName(refTable string, refField string, table string, field string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("fk_trigger_%s_%s_%s_%s", refTable, refField, table, field)
+}
+
+// Creates a trigger to cascade the update to the child table
+func (m Migrator) createUpadateCascadeTrigger(tx *gorm.DB, constraint *schema.Constraint) error {
+	onUpdate := strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(constraint.OnUpdate))
+	if onUpdate != "cascade" && onUpdate != "set null" && onUpdate != "set default" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	parentTable := constraint.ReferenceSchema.Table
+	quotedParentTable := QuoteIdentifier(parentTable)
+	table := constraint.Schema.Table
+	quotedTable := QuoteIdentifier(table)
+
+	for i, fk := range constraint.ForeignKeys {
+		parentField := constraint.References[i].DBName
+		quotedParentField := QuoteIdentifier(parentField)
+		field := fk.DBName
+		quotedField := QuoteIdentifier(field)
+		triggerName := m.FkTriggerName(parentTable, parentField, table, field)
+		quotedTriggerName := QuoteIdentifier(triggerName)
+
+		var updateValue string
+		switch onUpdate {
+		case "cascade":
+			updateValue = ":NEW." + quotedParentField
+		case "set null":
+			updateValue = "NULL"
+		case "set default":
+			updateValue = "DEFAULT"
+		}
+
+		plsql := fmt.Sprintf(
+			`CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER %s
+AFTER UPDATE OF %s ON %s
+FOR EACH ROW
+BEGIN
+  UPDATE %s
+  SET %s = %s
+  WHERE %s = :OLD.%s;
+END;`,
+			quotedTriggerName,
+			quotedParentField,
+			quotedParentTable,
+			quotedTable,
+			quotedField,
+			updateValue,
+			quotedField,
+			quotedParentField,
+		)
+
+		if err := tx.Exec(plsql).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

tests/associations_test.go

@@ -112,7 +112,6 @@ func TestAssociationNotNullClear(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestForeignKeyConstraints(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Skip()
 	type Profile struct {
 		ID       uint
 		Name     string
@@ -121,7 +120,7 @@ func TestForeignKeyConstraints(t *testing.T) {
 
 	type Member struct {
 		ID      uint
-		Refer   uint `gorm:"uniqueIndex"`
+		Refer   uint `gorm:"unique"`
 		Name    string
 		Profile Profile `gorm:"Constraint:OnUpdate:CASCADE,OnDelete:CASCADE;FOREIGNKEY:MemberID;References:Refer"`
 	}
@@ -168,11 +167,10 @@ func TestForeignKeyConstraints(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestForeignKeyConstraintsBelongsTo(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Skip()
 	type Profile struct {
 		ID    uint
 		Name  string
-		Refer uint `gorm:"uniqueIndex"`
+		Refer uint `gorm:"unique"`
 	}
 
 	type Member struct {

tests/go.mod

@@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ go 1.24.4
 require gorm.io/gorm v1.30.0
 
 require (
-	github.com/oracle-samples/gorm-oracle v0.0.1
+	github.com/godror/godror v0.49.0
+	github.com/oracle-samples/gorm-oracle v0.1.0
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0
 )
 
 require (
 	github.com/VictoriaMetrics/easyproto v0.1.4 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/godror/godror v0.49.0 // indirect
 	github.com/godror/knownpb v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect

tests/migrate_test.go

@@ -1721,3 +1721,107 @@ func TestAutoMigrateDecimal(t *testing.T) {
 		decimalColumnsTest[MigrateDecimalColumn, MigrateDecimalColumn2](t, expectedSql)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestMigrateOnUpdateConstraint(t *testing.T) {
+	type Owner struct {
+		ID   int
+		Name string
+	}
+
+	type Pen1 struct {
+		gorm.Model
+		OwnerID int
+		Owner   Owner `gorm:"constraint:OnUpdate:CASCADE;"`
+	}
+
+	type Pen2 struct {
+		gorm.Model
+		OwnerID int   `gorm:"default: 18"`
+		Owner   Owner `gorm:"constraint:OnUpdate:SET DEFAULT;"`
+	}
+
+	type Pen3 struct {
+		gorm.Model
+		OwnerID int
+		Owner   Owner `gorm:"constraint:OnUpdate:SET NULL;"`
+	}
+
+	DB.Migrator().DropTable(&Owner{}, &Pen1{}, &Pen2{}, &Pen3{})
+
+	// Test 1: Verify the trigger is created using CreateTable()
+	if err := DB.Migrator().CreateTable(&Owner{}, &Pen1{}, &Pen2{}, &Pen3{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create table, got error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	triggerNames := []string{
+		"fk_trigger_owners_id_pen1_owner_id",
+		"fk_trigger_owners_id_pen2_owner_id",
+		"fk_trigger_owners_id_pen3_owner_id",
+	}
+
+	for _, triggerName := range triggerNames {
+		var count int
+		DB.Raw("SELECT count(*) FROM user_triggers where trigger_name = ?", triggerName).Scan(&count)
+		if count != 1 {
+			t.Errorf("Should find the trigger %s", triggerName)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Test 2: Verify the trigger is created using CreateConstraint()
+	penStructs := []interface{}{&Pen1{}, &Pen2{}, &Pen3{}}
+	constraintNames := []string{"fk_pen1_owner", "fk_pen2_owner", "fk_pen3_owner"}
+	for i := range 3 {
+		if err := DB.Migrator().DropConstraint(penStructs[i], constraintNames[i]); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("failed to drop constraint %v, got error %v", constraintNames[i], err)
+		}
+
+		if err := DB.Migrator().CreateConstraint(penStructs[i], constraintNames[i]); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("failed to create constraint %v, got error %v", constraintNames[i], err)
+		}
+
+		var count int
+		DB.Raw("SELECT count(*) FROM user_triggers where trigger_name = ?", triggerNames[i]).Scan(&count)
+		if count != 1 {
+			t.Errorf("Should find the trigger %s", triggerNames[i])
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Test 3: Verify each trigger work
+	pen1 := Pen1{Owner: Owner{ID: 1, Name: "John"}}
+	DB.Create(&pen1)
+	DB.Model(pen1.Owner).Update("id", 100)
+
+	var updatedPen1 Pen1
+	if err := DB.First(&updatedPen1, "\"id\" = ?", pen1.ID).Error; err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("failed to find member, got error: %v", err))
+	} else if updatedPen1.OwnerID != 100 {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("company id is not equal: expects: %v, got: %v", 100, updatedPen1.OwnerID))
+	}
+
+	pen2 := Pen2{Owner: Owner{ID: 2, Name: "Mary"}}
+	DB.Create(&pen2)
+	// When the ID in the owners table is updated, the primary key in pen2 (owner_id column)
+	// is set to its default value (18). To avoid violating the foreign key constraint in pen2,
+	// we need to insert this record into the owners table in advance.
+	owner := Owner{ID: 18, Name: "MaryBackup"}
+	DB.Create(&owner)
+	DB.Model(pen2.Owner).Update("id", 200)
+
+	var updatedPen2 Pen2
+	if err := DB.First(&updatedPen2, "\"id\" = ?", pen2.ID).Error; err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("failed to find member, got error: %v", err))
+	} else if updatedPen2.OwnerID != 18 {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("company id is not equal: expects: %v, got: %v", 18, updatedPen2.OwnerID))
+	}
+
+	pen3 := Pen3{Owner: Owner{ID: 3, Name: "Jane"}}
+	DB.Create(&pen3)
+	DB.Model(pen3.Owner).Update("id", 300)
+
+	var updatedPen3 Pen3
+	if err := DB.First(&updatedPen3, "\"id\" = ?", pen3.ID).Error; err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("failed to find member, got error: %v", err))
+	} else if updatedPen3.OwnerID != 0 {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("company id is not equal: expects: %v, got: %v", 0, updatedPen3.OwnerID))
+	}
+}