[GR-46399] [GR-48232] [GR-48207] [GR-48180] Various important bug fixes for Native Image.

docs/reference-manual/native-image/BuildOutput.md

@@ -133,9 +133,9 @@ The memory limit and number of threads used by the build process.
 
 More precisely, the memory limit of the Java heap, so actual memory consumption can be even higher.
 Please check the [peak RSS](#glossary-peak-rss) reported at the end of the build to understand how much memory was actually used.
-By default, the process will only use _available_ memory: memory that the operating system can make available without swapping out memory used by other processes.
-Therefore, consider freeing up memory if your build process is slow, for example, by closing applications that you do not need.
-Note that, by default, the build process will not use more than 32GB available memory.
+By default, the build process tries to only use free memory (to avoid memory pressure on the build machine), and never more than 32GB of memory.
+If less than 8GB of memory are free, the build process falls back to use 85% of total memory.
+Therefore, consider freeing up memory if your machine is slow during a build, for example, by closing applications that you do not need.
 
 By default, the build process uses all available CPU cores to maximize speed.
 Use the `--parallelism` option to set the number of threads explicitly (for example, `--parallelism=4`).

substratevm/mx.substratevm/mx_substratevm.py

@@ -1019,6 +1019,7 @@ def _native_image_launcher_extra_jvm_args():
 ] + svm_experimental_options([
     '-H:IncludeResources=com/oracle/svm/driver/launcher/.*',
     '-H:-ParseRuntimeOptions',
+    f'-R:MaxHeapSize={256 * 1024 * 1024}',
 ])
 
 additional_ni_dependencies = []

substratevm/src/com.oracle.objectfile/src/com/oracle/objectfile/debugentry/DebugInfoBase.java

@@ -299,6 +299,7 @@ public void installDebugInfo(DebugInfoProvider debugInfoProvider) {
             Path filePath = debugTypeInfo.filePath();
             addTypeEntry(idType, typeName, fileName, filePath, byteSize, typeKind);
         }));
+        debugInfoProvider.recordActivity();
 
         /* Now we can cross reference static and instance field details. */
         debugInfoProvider.typeInfoProvider().forEach(debugTypeInfo -> debugTypeInfo.debugContext((debugContext) -> {
@@ -310,6 +311,7 @@ public void installDebugInfo(DebugInfoProvider debugInfoProvider) {
             TypeEntry typeEntry = (idType != null ? lookupTypeEntry(idType) : lookupHeaderType());
             typeEntry.addDebugInfo(this, debugTypeInfo, debugContext);
         }));
+        debugInfoProvider.recordActivity();
 
         debugInfoProvider.codeInfoProvider().forEach(debugCodeInfo -> debugCodeInfo.debugContext((debugContext) -> {
             /*
@@ -335,6 +337,7 @@ public void installDebugInfo(DebugInfoProvider debugInfoProvider) {
              */
             EconomicMap<DebugLocationInfo, SubRange> subRangeIndex = EconomicMap.create();
             debugCodeInfo.locationInfoProvider().forEach(debugLocationInfo -> addSubrange(debugLocationInfo, primaryRange, classEntry, subRangeIndex, debugContext));
+            debugInfoProvider.recordActivity();
         }));
 
         debugInfoProvider.dataInfoProvider().forEach(debugDataInfo -> debugDataInfo.debugContext((debugContext) -> {

substratevm/src/com.oracle.objectfile/src/com/oracle/objectfile/debuginfo/DebugInfoProvider.java

@@ -444,4 +444,6 @@ enum Type {
     Stream<DebugDataInfo> dataInfoProvider();
 
     Path getCachePath();
+
+    void recordActivity();
 }

substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.core/src/com/oracle/svm/core/configure/ConfigurationFiles.java

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 import org.graalvm.compiler.options.Option;
+import org.graalvm.compiler.options.OptionStability;
 import org.graalvm.compiler.options.OptionType;
 
 import com.oracle.svm.core.option.BundleMember;
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@
 public final class ConfigurationFiles {
 
     public static final class Options {
-        @Option(help = "Directories directly containing configuration files for dynamic features at runtime.", type = OptionType.User)//
+        @Option(help = "Directories directly containing configuration files for dynamic features at runtime.", type = OptionType.User, stability = OptionStability.STABLE)//
         @BundleMember(role = BundleMember.Role.Input)//
         static final HostedOptionKey<LocatableMultiOptionValue.Paths> ConfigurationFileDirectories = new HostedOptionKey<>(LocatableMultiOptionValue.Paths.buildWithCommaDelimiter());
 

substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.core/src/com/oracle/svm/core/jdk/management/Target_com_sun_management_internal_OperatingSystemImpl.java

@@ -24,17 +24,14 @@
  */
 package com.oracle.svm.core.jdk.management;
 
-import com.oracle.svm.core.SubstrateUtil;
-import com.oracle.svm.core.annotate.Substitute;
+import com.oracle.svm.core.annotate.Alias;
 import com.oracle.svm.core.annotate.TargetClass;
 
 import sun.management.VMManagement;
 
 @TargetClass(className = "com.sun.management.internal.OperatingSystemImpl")
 final class Target_com_sun_management_internal_OperatingSystemImpl {
-    @Substitute
+    @Alias
     Target_com_sun_management_internal_OperatingSystemImpl(@SuppressWarnings("unused") VMManagement vm) {
-        /* Workaround until we enable container support (GR-37365). */
-        SubstrateUtil.cast(this, Target_sun_management_BaseOperatingSystemImpl.class).loadavg = new double[1];
     }
 }

substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.core/src/com/oracle/svm/core/jdk/management/Target_sun_management_BaseOperatingSystemImpl.java

@@ -33,8 +33,6 @@
 @SuppressWarnings("static-method")
 @TargetClass(className = "sun.management.BaseOperatingSystemImpl")
 final class Target_sun_management_BaseOperatingSystemImpl {
-    @Alias double[] loadavg;
-
     @Alias
     Target_sun_management_BaseOperatingSystemImpl(@SuppressWarnings("unused") VMManagement vm) {
     }

substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.core/src/com/oracle/svm/core/option/APIOption.java

@@ -140,6 +140,10 @@ public static String optionName(String name) {
             }
         }
 
+        public static String valueSeparatorToString(char valueSeparator) {
+            return valueSeparator != APIOption.NO_SEPARATOR ? Character.toString(valueSeparator) : "";
+        }
+
         public static String groupName(APIOptionGroup group) {
             if (group.name() == null || group.name().isEmpty()) {
                 VMError.shouldNotReachHere("Invalid APIOptionGroup.name() for " + group.getClass().getName());

substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.core/src/com/oracle/svm/core/option/SubstrateOptionsParser.java

@@ -210,7 +210,8 @@ public static String commandArgument(OptionKey<?> option, String value, String a
                                 apiOptionWithValue = optionName;
                             } else {
                                 /* Option with custom value. Use form with valueSeparator */
-                                apiOptionWithValue = optionName + apiOption.valueSeparator()[0] + value;
+                                String valueSeparator = APIOption.Utils.valueSeparatorToString(apiOption.valueSeparator()[0]);
+                                apiOptionWithValue = optionName + valueSeparator + value;
                             }
                         }
                     } else if (apiOption.fixedValue()[0].equals(value)) {

substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.driver/src/com/oracle/svm/driver/APIOptionHandler.java

@@ -357,9 +357,7 @@ String translateOption(ArgumentQueue argQueue) {
                         whitespaceSeparated = true;
                         break found;
                     } else {
-                        boolean withSeparator = valueSeparator != APIOption.NO_SEPARATOR;
-                        String separatorString = withSeparator ? Character.toString(valueSeparator) : "";
-                        String optionNameWithSeparator = optionName + separatorString;
+                        String optionNameWithSeparator = optionName + APIOption.Utils.valueSeparatorToString(valueSeparator);
                         if (headArg.startsWith(optionNameWithSeparator)) {
                             option = optionInfo;
                             int length = optionNameWithSeparator.length();

substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.driver/src/com/oracle/svm/driver/MemoryUtil.java

@@ -24,35 +24,30 @@
  */
 package com.oracle.svm.driver;
 
-import java.io.BufferedReader;
-import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
-import java.nio.file.Files;
-import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.regex.Matcher;
-import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
-import com.oracle.svm.core.OS;
 import com.oracle.svm.core.util.ExitStatus;
 import com.oracle.svm.driver.NativeImage.NativeImageError;
 
 class MemoryUtil {
-    private static final long KiB_TO_BYTES = 1024;
-    private static final long MiB_TO_BYTES = 1024 * KiB_TO_BYTES;
+    private static final long KiB_TO_BYTES = 1024L;
+    private static final long MiB_TO_BYTES = 1024L * KiB_TO_BYTES;
+    private static final long GiB_TO_BYTES = 1024L * MiB_TO_BYTES;
 
     /* Builder needs at least 512MiB for building a helloworld in a reasonable amount of time. */
-    private static final long MIN_HEAP_BYTES = 512 * MiB_TO_BYTES;
+    private static final long MIN_HEAP_BYTES = 512L * MiB_TO_BYTES;
+
+    /* If free memory is below 8GiB, use 85% of total system memory (e.g., 7GiB * 85% ~ 6GiB). */
+    private static final long DEDICATED_MODE_THRESHOLD = 8L * GiB_TO_BYTES;
+    private static final double DEDICATED_MODE_TOTAL_MEMORY_RATIO = 0.85D;
 
     /*
      * Builder uses at most 32GB to avoid disabling compressed oops (UseCompressedOops).
      * Deliberately use GB (not GiB) to stay well below 32GiB when relative maximum is calculated.
      */
     private static final long MAX_HEAP_BYTES = 32_000_000_000L;
 
-    /* Use 80% of total system memory in case available memory cannot be determined. */
-    private static final double FALLBACK_TOTAL_MEMORY_RATIO = 0.8;
-
     public static List<String> determineMemoryFlags() {
         return List.of(
                         /*
@@ -63,9 +58,9 @@ public static List<String> determineMemoryFlags() {
                         "-XX:MaxRAMPercentage=" + determineReasonableMaxRAMPercentage(),
                         /*
                          * Optimize for throughput by increasing the goal of the total time for
-                         * garbage collection from 1% to 5% (N=19). This also reduces peak RSS.
+                         * garbage collection from 1% to 10% (N=9). This also reduces peak RSS.
                          */
-                        "-XX:GCTimeRatio=19", // 1/(1+N) time for GC
+                        "-XX:GCTimeRatio=9", // 1/(1+N) time for GC
                         /*
                          * Let builder exit on first OutOfMemoryError to provide for shorter
                          * feedback loops.
@@ -75,145 +70,34 @@ public static List<String> determineMemoryFlags() {
 
     /**
      * Returns a percentage (0.0-100.0) to be used as a value for the -XX:MaxRAMPercentage flag of
-     * the builder process. Prefer available memory over total memory to reduce memory pressure on
-     * the host machine.
+     * the builder process. Prefer free memory over total memory to reduce memory pressure on the
+     * host machine. Note that this method uses OperatingSystemMXBean, which is container-aware.
      */
     private static double determineReasonableMaxRAMPercentage() {
         var osBean = (com.sun.management.OperatingSystemMXBean) ManagementFactory.getOperatingSystemMXBean();
-        long totalMemorySize = osBean.getTotalMemorySize();
-        long reasonableMaxMemorySize = -1;
-        reasonableMaxMemorySize = switch (OS.getCurrent()) {
-            case LINUX -> getAvailableMemorySizeLinux();
-            case DARWIN -> getAvailableMemorySizeDarwin();
-            case WINDOWS -> getAvailableMemorySizeWindows();
-        };
-        if (reasonableMaxMemorySize < 0 || reasonableMaxMemorySize > totalMemorySize) {
+        final double totalMemorySize = osBean.getTotalMemorySize();
+        double reasonableMaxMemorySize = osBean.getFreeMemorySize();
+
+        if (reasonableMaxMemorySize < DEDICATED_MODE_THRESHOLD) {
             /*
-             * The amount of available memory was not at all or incorrectly detected. Fall back to a
-             * value based on total memory. OperatingSystemMXBean.getTotalMemorySize() is
-             * container-aware whereas, for example, /proc/meminfo is not and thus may report
-             * available memory of the host which can exceed the memory limit of a container.
+             * When free memory is low, for example in memory-constrained environments or when a
+             * good amount of memory is used for caching, use a fixed percentage of total memory
+             * rather than free memory. In containerized environments, builds are expected to run
+             * more or less exclusively (builder + driver + optional Gradle/Maven process).
              */
-            reasonableMaxMemorySize = (long) (totalMemorySize * FALLBACK_TOTAL_MEMORY_RATIO);
+            reasonableMaxMemorySize = totalMemorySize * DEDICATED_MODE_TOTAL_MEMORY_RATIO;
         }
+
         if (reasonableMaxMemorySize < MIN_HEAP_BYTES) {
             throw new NativeImageError(
                             "There is not enough memory available on the system (got %sMiB, need at least %sMiB). Consider freeing up memory if builds are slow, for example, by closing applications that you do not need."
                                             .formatted(reasonableMaxMemorySize / MiB_TO_BYTES, MIN_HEAP_BYTES / MiB_TO_BYTES),
                             null, ExitStatus.OUT_OF_MEMORY.getValue());
         }
-        reasonableMaxMemorySize = Math.min(reasonableMaxMemorySize, MAX_HEAP_BYTES);
-        return (double) reasonableMaxMemorySize / totalMemorySize * 100;
-    }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns the total amount of available memory in bytes on Linux based on
-     * <code>/proc/meminfo</code>, otherwise <code>-1</code>. Note that this metric is not
-     * container-aware (does not take cgroups into account) and may report available memory of the
-     * host.
-     *
-     * @see <a href=
-     *      "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/865fdb08197e657c59e74a35fa32362b12397f58/mm/page_alloc.c#L5137">page_alloc.c#L5137</a>
-     */
-    private static long getAvailableMemorySizeLinux() {
-        try {
-            String memAvailableLine = Files.readAllLines(Paths.get("/proc/meminfo")).stream().filter(l -> l.startsWith("MemAvailable")).findFirst().orElse("");
-            Matcher m = Pattern.compile("^MemAvailable:\\s+(\\d+) kB").matcher(memAvailableLine);
-            if (m.matches()) {
-                return Long.parseLong(m.group(1)) * KiB_TO_BYTES;
-            }
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-        }
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the total amount of available memory in bytes on Darwin based on
-     * <code>vm_stat</code>, otherwise <code>-1</code>.
-     *
-     * @see <a href=
-     *      "https://opensource.apple.com/source/system_cmds/system_cmds-496/vm_stat.tproj/vm_stat.c.auto.html">vm_stat.c</a>
-     */
-    private static long getAvailableMemorySizeDarwin() {
-        try {
-            Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[]{"vm_stat"});
-            try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()))) {
-                String line1 = reader.readLine();
-                if (line1 == null) {
-                    return -1;
-                }
-                Matcher m1 = Pattern.compile("^Mach Virtual Memory Statistics: \\(page size of (\\d+) bytes\\)").matcher(line1);
-                long pageSize = -1;
-                if (m1.matches()) {
-                    pageSize = Long.parseLong(m1.group(1));
-                }
-                if (pageSize <= 0) {
-                    return -1;
-                }
-                String line2 = reader.readLine();
-                Matcher m2 = Pattern.compile("^Pages free:\\s+(\\d+).").matcher(line2);
-                long freePages = -1;
-                if (m2.matches()) {
-                    freePages = Long.parseLong(m2.group(1));
-                }
-                if (freePages <= 0) {
-                    return -1;
-                }
-                String line3 = reader.readLine();
-                if (!line3.startsWith("Pages active")) {
-                    return -1;
-                }
-                String line4 = reader.readLine();
-                Matcher m4 = Pattern.compile("^Pages inactive:\\s+(\\d+).").matcher(line4);
-                long inactivePages = -1;
-                if (m4.matches()) {
-                    inactivePages = Long.parseLong(m4.group(1));
-                }
-                if (inactivePages <= 0) {
-                    return -1;
-                }
-                assert freePages > 0 && inactivePages > 0 && pageSize > 0;
-                return (freePages + inactivePages) * pageSize;
-            } finally {
-                p.waitFor();
-            }
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-        }
-        return -1;
-    }
+        /* Ensure max memory size does not exceed upper limit. */
+        reasonableMaxMemorySize = Math.min(reasonableMaxMemorySize, MAX_HEAP_BYTES);
 
-    /**
-     * Returns the total amount of available memory in bytes on Windows based on <code>wmic</code>,
-     * otherwise <code>-1</code>.
-     *
-     * @see <a href=
-     *      "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/cimwin32prov/win32-operatingsystem">Win32_OperatingSystem
-     *      class</a>
-     */
-    private static long getAvailableMemorySizeWindows() {
-        try {
-            Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[]{"cmd.exe", "/c", "wmic", "OS", "get", "FreePhysicalMemory"});
-            try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()))) {
-                String line1 = reader.readLine();
-                if (line1 == null || !line1.startsWith("FreePhysicalMemory")) {
-                    return -1;
-                }
-                String line2 = reader.readLine();
-                if (line2 == null) {
-                    return -1;
-                }
-                String line3 = reader.readLine();
-                if (line3 == null) {
-                    return -1;
-                }
-                Matcher m = Pattern.compile("^(\\d+)\\s+").matcher(line3);
-                if (m.matches()) {
-                    return Long.parseLong(m.group(1)) * KiB_TO_BYTES;
-                }
-            }
-            p.waitFor();
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-        }
-        return -1;
+        return reasonableMaxMemorySize / totalMemorySize * 100;
     }
 }

substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.driver/src/com/oracle/svm/driver/NativeImage.java

@@ -907,7 +907,7 @@ private void completeOptionArgs() {
         LinkedHashSet<EnabledOption> enabledOptions = optionRegistry.getEnabledOptions();
         /* Any use of MacroOptions opts-out of auto-fallback and activates --no-fallback */
         if (!enabledOptions.isEmpty()) {
-            addPlainImageBuilderArg(oHFallbackThreshold + SubstrateOptions.NoFallback);
+            addPlainImageBuilderArg(injectHostedOptionOrigin(oHFallbackThreshold + SubstrateOptions.NoFallback, OptionOrigin.originDriver));
         }
         consolidateListArgs(imageBuilderJavaArgs, "-Dpolyglot.engine.PreinitializeContexts=", ",", Function.identity()); // legacy
         consolidateListArgs(imageBuilderJavaArgs, "-Dpolyglot.image-build-time.PreinitializeContexts=", ",", Function.identity());
@@ -1266,9 +1266,12 @@ private int completeImageBuild() {
         }
         imageProvidedJars.forEach(this::processClasspathNativeImageMetaInf);
 
-        if (!config.buildFallbackImage() && imageBuilderArgs.contains(oHFallbackThreshold + SubstrateOptions.ForceFallback)) {
-            /* Bypass regular build and proceed with fallback image building */
-            return ExitStatus.FALLBACK_IMAGE.getValue();
+        if (!config.buildFallbackImage()) {
+            Optional<ArgumentEntry> fallbackThresholdEntry = getHostedOptionFinalArgument(imageBuilderArgs, oHFallbackThreshold);
+            if (fallbackThresholdEntry.isPresent() && fallbackThresholdEntry.get().value.equals("" + SubstrateOptions.ForceFallback)) {
+                /* Bypass regular build and proceed with fallback image building */
+                return ExitStatus.FALLBACK_IMAGE.getValue();
+            }
         }
 
         if (!limitModules.isEmpty()) {