This is the ERC-20 compatible token that represents a holder's claim to a share of the Vault's distribution. It uses OpenZeppelin's ERC20Snapshot internally to keep track of historical token balances at certain points in time.
This is the contract in which the distributions are stored. It also stores internally an address of a deployed ClaimToken.sol whose proportional balances of the token supply will represent the proportional right to claim distributions from the Vault. The vault supports distribution of multiple tokens that must be designated at deploy-time. This is unalterable once the contract has been launched.
When a dividend is created in the Vault (by calling createDividend()), a snapshot of the Vault's token supplies (designated at contract deployment) and the ClaimToken's balances are taken. With this data, each shareholder's rightful share can be calculated when said shareholder goes to make a claim.
Dividends will need to be claimed by the appropriate shareholder. If someone is not a shareholder, their transaction won't be reverted, but rather it will simply send an amount of 0 tokens of the distribution token(s) to msg.sender. Shareholders must claim their rightful share for each dividend individually. Each dividend's full value will be distributed at once. There is no option to make a partial claim of one dividend.
The Vault has no special privledging. However, the createDividend() function is rate-limited to prevent spamming as OpenZeppelin's ERC20Snapshot does incur an overhead as snapshot total grows (although its growth is logarthmic).
A general-purpose library that can be used create a rate limiter. It takes two storage pointers (supported by OpenZeppelin's StorageSlot.sol) so that it can read/write to the consuming contract's storage.