perf(linter/plugins): use binary search

[lilnasy]

Part of #14564. Binary search is used to traverse the comments array wherever possible.

• getCommentsBefore
• getCommentsAfter
• getCommentsInside
• commentsExistBetween

[graphite-app]

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[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR optimizes the comment traversal functions in the linter's comments plugin by replacing linear search algorithms with binary search. This improves performance from O(n) to O(log n) for finding comments relative to AST nodes.

• Binary search implementation for finding comments before, after, and inside nodes
• Optimization of the commentsExistBetween function with binary search
• Improved algorithmic efficiency while maintaining the same functionality

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[camc314]

thank you!