Fix --project with --exclude

[ajafff]

PR checklist

• Addresses an existing issue: Since 5.4.0 --exclude does not work anymore #2852
• New feature, bugfix, or enhancement
  • Includes tests
• Documentation update

Overview of change:

[bugfix] Fixed --project used together with --exclude.
Fixes: #2852

Hopefully this works like the previous implementation.

Is there anything you'd like reviewers to focus on?

CHANGELOG.md entry:

[adidahiya]

thanks for adding a test case!

[sandersn]

I'm still seeing a failure in cases that don't use --project:

node node_modules/tslint/bin/tslint Gulpfile.ts 'scripts/tslint/*.ts' 'src/**/*.ts' --exclude src/lib/es5.d.ts --exclude 'src/lib/*.generated.d.ts' --format stylish

(For linting Typescript.)