BUG: Timedelta(td64_out_of_bounds) silently overflowing (#38965)

doc/source/whatsnew/v1.3.0.rst

@@ -198,14 +198,14 @@ Datetimelike
 - Bug in :class:`DataFrame` and :class:`Series` constructors sometimes dropping nanoseconds from :class:`Timestamp` (resp. :class:`Timedelta`) ``data``, with ``dtype=datetime64[ns]`` (resp. ``timedelta64[ns]``) (:issue:`38032`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.first` and :meth:`Series.first` returning two months for offset one month when first day is last calendar day (:issue:`29623`)
 - Bug in constructing a :class:`DataFrame` or :class:`Series` with mismatched ``datetime64`` data and ``timedelta64`` dtype, or vice-versa, failing to raise ``TypeError`` (:issue:`38575`, :issue:`38764`, :issue:`38792`)
-- Bug in constructing a :class:`Series` or :class:`DataFrame` with a ``datetime`` object out of bounds for ``datetime64[ns]`` dtype (:issue:`38792`)
+- Bug in constructing a :class:`Series` or :class:`DataFrame` with a ``datetime`` object out of bounds for ``datetime64[ns]`` dtype or a ``timedelta`` object ouf of bounds for ``timedelta64[ns]`` dtype (:issue:`38792`, :issue:`38965`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DatetimeIndex.intersection`, :meth:`DatetimeIndex.symmetric_difference`, :meth:`PeriodIndex.intersection`, :meth:`PeriodIndex.symmetric_difference` always returning object-dtype when operating with :class:`CategoricalIndex` (:issue:`38741`)
 - Bug in :meth:`Series.where` incorrectly casting ``datetime64`` values to ``int64`` (:issue:`37682`)
 -
 
 Timedelta
 ^^^^^^^^^
-
+- Bug in constructing :class:`Timedelta` from ``np.timedelta64`` objects with non-nanosecond units that are out of bounds for ``timedelta64[ns]`` (:issue:`38965`)
 -
 -
 

pandas/_libs/tslibs/np_datetime.pxd

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ cdef extern from "numpy/ndarraytypes.h":
         NPY_FR_ps
         NPY_FR_fs
         NPY_FR_as
+        NPY_FR_GENERIC
 
 cdef extern from "src/datetime/np_datetime.h":
     ctypedef struct pandas_timedeltastruct:

pandas/_libs/tslibs/timedeltas.pyx

@@ -24,15 +24,18 @@ PyDateTime_IMPORT
 
 cimport pandas._libs.tslibs.util as util
 from pandas._libs.tslibs.base cimport ABCTimestamp
-from pandas._libs.tslibs.conversion cimport cast_from_unit
+from pandas._libs.tslibs.conversion cimport cast_from_unit, precision_from_unit
 from pandas._libs.tslibs.nattype cimport (
     NPY_NAT,
     c_NaT as NaT,
     c_nat_strings as nat_strings,
     checknull_with_nat,
 )
 from pandas._libs.tslibs.np_datetime cimport (
+    NPY_DATETIMEUNIT,
     cmp_scalar,
+    get_datetime64_unit,
+    get_timedelta64_value,
     pandas_timedeltastruct,
     td64_to_tdstruct,
 )
@@ -156,7 +159,7 @@ cpdef int64_t delta_to_nanoseconds(delta) except? -1:
     if isinstance(delta, _Timedelta):
         delta = delta.value
     if is_timedelta64_object(delta):
-        return delta.astype("timedelta64[ns]").item()
+        return get_timedelta64_value(ensure_td64ns(delta))
     if is_integer_object(delta):
         return delta
     if PyDelta_Check(delta):
@@ -169,6 +172,72 @@ cpdef int64_t delta_to_nanoseconds(delta) except? -1:
     raise TypeError(type(delta))
 
 
+cdef str npy_unit_to_abbrev(NPY_DATETIMEUNIT unit):
+    if unit == NPY_DATETIMEUNIT.NPY_FR_ns or unit == NPY_DATETIMEUNIT.NPY_FR_GENERIC:
+        # generic -> default to nanoseconds
+        return "ns"
+    elif unit == NPY_DATETIMEUNIT.NPY_FR_us:
+        return "us"
+    elif unit == NPY_DATETIMEUNIT.NPY_FR_ms:
+        return "ms"
+    elif unit == NPY_DATETIMEUNIT.NPY_FR_s:
+        return "s"
+    elif unit == NPY_DATETIMEUNIT.NPY_FR_m:
+        return "m"
+    elif unit == NPY_DATETIMEUNIT.NPY_FR_h:
+        return "h"
+    elif unit == NPY_DATETIMEUNIT.NPY_FR_D:
+        return "D"
+    elif unit == NPY_DATETIMEUNIT.NPY_FR_W:
+        return "W"
+    elif unit == NPY_DATETIMEUNIT.NPY_FR_M:
+        return "M"
+    elif unit == NPY_DATETIMEUNIT.NPY_FR_Y:
+        return "Y"
+    else:
+        raise NotImplementedError(unit)
+
+
+@cython.overflowcheck(True)
+cdef object ensure_td64ns(object ts):
+    """
+    Overflow-safe implementation of td64.astype("m8[ns]")
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ts : np.timedelta64
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    np.timedelta64[ns]
+    """
+    cdef:
+        NPY_DATETIMEUNIT td64_unit
+        int64_t td64_value, mult
+        str unitstr
+
+    td64_unit = get_datetime64_unit(ts)
+    if (
+        td64_unit != NPY_DATETIMEUNIT.NPY_FR_ns
+        and td64_unit != NPY_DATETIMEUNIT.NPY_FR_GENERIC
+    ):
+        unitstr = npy_unit_to_abbrev(td64_unit)
+
+        td64_value = get_timedelta64_value(ts)
+
+        mult = precision_from_unit(unitstr)[0]
+        try:
+            # NB: cython#1381 this cannot be *=
+            td64_value = td64_value * mult
+        except OverflowError as err:
+            from pandas._libs.tslibs.conversion import OutOfBoundsTimedelta
+            raise OutOfBoundsTimedelta(ts)
+
+        return np.timedelta64(td64_value, "ns")
+
+    return ts
+
+
 cdef convert_to_timedelta64(object ts, str unit):
     """
     Convert an incoming object to a timedelta64 if possible.
@@ -184,37 +253,37 @@ cdef convert_to_timedelta64(object ts, str unit):
     Return an ns based int64
     """
     if checknull_with_nat(ts):
-        return np.timedelta64(NPY_NAT)
+        return np.timedelta64(NPY_NAT, "ns")
     elif isinstance(ts, _Timedelta):
         # already in the proper format
-        ts = np.timedelta64(ts.value)
+        ts = np.timedelta64(ts.value, "ns")
     elif is_datetime64_object(ts):
         # only accept a NaT here
         if ts.astype('int64') == NPY_NAT:
             return np.timedelta64(NPY_NAT)
     elif is_timedelta64_object(ts):
-        ts = ts.astype(f"m8[{unit.lower()}]")
+        ts = ensure_td64ns(ts)
     elif is_integer_object(ts):
         if ts == NPY_NAT:
-            return np.timedelta64(NPY_NAT)
+            return np.timedelta64(NPY_NAT, "ns")
         else:
             if unit in ['Y', 'M', 'W']:
                 ts = np.timedelta64(ts, unit)
             else:
                 ts = cast_from_unit(ts, unit)
-                ts = np.timedelta64(ts)
+                ts = np.timedelta64(ts, "ns")
     elif is_float_object(ts):
         if unit in ['Y', 'M', 'W']:
             ts = np.timedelta64(int(ts), unit)
         else:
             ts = cast_from_unit(ts, unit)
-            ts = np.timedelta64(ts)
+            ts = np.timedelta64(ts, "ns")
     elif isinstance(ts, str):
         if len(ts) > 0 and ts[0] == 'P':
             ts = parse_iso_format_string(ts)
         else:
             ts = parse_timedelta_string(ts)
-        ts = np.timedelta64(ts)
+        ts = np.timedelta64(ts, "ns")
     elif is_tick_object(ts):
         ts = np.timedelta64(ts.nanos, 'ns')
 
@@ -1196,7 +1265,7 @@ class Timedelta(_Timedelta):
         elif is_timedelta64_object(value):
             if unit is not None:
                 value = value.astype(f'timedelta64[{unit}]')
-            value = value.astype('timedelta64[ns]')
+            value = ensure_td64ns(value)
         elif is_tick_object(value):
             value = np.timedelta64(value.nanos, 'ns')
         elif is_integer_object(value) or is_float_object(value):

pandas/core/dtypes/cast.py

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 from pandas._libs.tslibs import (
     NaT,
     OutOfBoundsDatetime,
+    OutOfBoundsTimedelta,
     Period,
     Timedelta,
     Timestamp,
@@ -743,8 +744,12 @@ def infer_dtype_from_scalar(val, pandas_dtype: bool = False) -> Tuple[DtypeObj,
         val = val.value
 
     elif isinstance(val, (np.timedelta64, timedelta)):
-        val = Timedelta(val).value
-        dtype = np.dtype("m8[ns]")
+        try:
+            val = Timedelta(val).value
+        except (OutOfBoundsTimedelta, OverflowError):
+            dtype = np.dtype(object)
+        else:
+            dtype = np.dtype("m8[ns]")
 
     elif is_bool(val):
         dtype = np.dtype(np.bool_)
@@ -1386,7 +1391,7 @@ def try_timedelta(v):
 
         try:
             td_values = to_timedelta(v)
-        except ValueError:
+        except (ValueError, OverflowError):
             return v.reshape(shape)
         else:
             return np.asarray(td_values).reshape(shape)
@@ -1618,8 +1623,16 @@ def construct_2d_arraylike_from_scalar(
     value: Scalar, length: int, width: int, dtype: np.dtype, copy: bool
 ) -> np.ndarray:
 
+    shape = (length, width)
+
     if dtype.kind in ["m", "M"]:
         value = maybe_unbox_datetimelike(value, dtype)
+    elif dtype == object:
+        if isinstance(value, (np.timedelta64, np.datetime64)):
+            # calling np.array below would cast to pytimedelta/pydatetime
+            out = np.empty(shape, dtype=object)
+            out.fill(value)
+            return out
 
     # Attempt to coerce to a numpy array
     try:
@@ -1632,7 +1645,6 @@ def construct_2d_arraylike_from_scalar(
     if arr.ndim != 0:
         raise ValueError("DataFrame constructor not properly called!")
 
-    shape = (length, width)
     return np.full(shape, arr)
 
 

pandas/tests/frame/test_constructors.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 import pytest
 import pytz
 
-from pandas.compat.numpy import _np_version_under1p19, _np_version_under1p20
+from pandas.compat.numpy import _np_version_under1p19
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.common import is_integer_dtype
 from pandas.core.dtypes.dtypes import DatetimeTZDtype, IntervalDtype, PeriodDtype
@@ -2371,16 +2371,10 @@ def test_from_timedelta_scalar_preserves_nanos(self, constructor):
     def test_from_timestamp_scalar_preserves_nanos(self, constructor):
         ts = Timestamp.now() + Timedelta(1)
 
-        obj = Series(ts, index=range(1), dtype="M8[ns]")
+        obj = constructor(ts, dtype="M8[ns]")
         assert get1(obj) == ts
 
-    def test_from_timedelta64_scalar_object(self, constructor, request):
-        if getattr(constructor, "func", None) is DataFrame and _np_version_under1p20:
-            # getattr check means we only xfail when box is None
-            mark = pytest.mark.xfail(
-                reason="np.array(td64, dtype=object) converts to int"
-            )
-            request.node.add_marker(mark)
+    def test_from_timedelta64_scalar_object(self, constructor):
 
         td = Timedelta(1)
         td64 = td.to_timedelta64()
@@ -2407,8 +2401,20 @@ def test_from_scalar_datetimelike_mismatched(self, constructor, cls, request):
         with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Cannot cast"):
             constructor(scalar, dtype=dtype)
 
-    def test_from_out_of_bounds_datetime(self, constructor):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("cls", [datetime, np.datetime64])
+    def test_from_out_of_bounds_datetime(self, constructor, cls):
         scalar = datetime(9999, 1, 1)
+        if cls is np.datetime64:
+            scalar = np.datetime64(scalar, "D")
+        result = constructor(scalar)
+
+        assert type(get1(result)) is cls
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("cls", [timedelta, np.timedelta64])
+    def test_from_out_of_bounds_timedelta(self, constructor, cls):
+        scalar = datetime(9999, 1, 1) - datetime(1970, 1, 1)
+        if cls is np.timedelta64:
+            scalar = np.timedelta64(scalar, "D")
         result = constructor(scalar)
 
-        assert type(get1(result)) is datetime
+        assert type(get1(result)) is cls

pandas/tests/scalar/timedelta/test_constructors.py

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
 
+from pandas._libs.tslibs import OutOfBoundsTimedelta
+
 from pandas import Timedelta, offsets, to_timedelta
 
 
@@ -197,6 +199,31 @@ def test_overflow_on_construction():
         Timedelta(timedelta(days=13 * 19999))
 
 
+def test_construction_out_of_bounds_td64():
+    # TODO: parametrize over units just above/below the implementation bounds
+    #  once GH#38964 is resolved
+
+    # Timedelta.max is just under 106752 days
+    td64 = np.timedelta64(106752, "D")
+    assert td64.astype("m8[ns]").view("i8") < 0  # i.e. naive astype will be wrong
+
+    msg = "106752 days"
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+        Timedelta(td64)
+
+    # But just back in bounds and we are OK
+    assert Timedelta(td64 - 1) == td64 - 1
+
+    td64 *= -1
+    assert td64.astype("m8[ns]").view("i8") > 0  # i.e. naive astype will be wrong
+
+    with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsTimedelta, match=msg):
+        Timedelta(td64)
+
+    # But just back in bounds and we are OK
+    assert Timedelta(td64 + 1) == td64 + 1
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "fmt,exp",
     [

pandas/util/_exceptions.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ def rewrite_exception(old_name: str, new_name: str):
     try:
         yield
     except Exception as err:
-        msg = err.args[0]
+        msg = str(err.args[0])
         msg = msg.replace(old_name, new_name)
         args: Tuple[str, ...] = (msg,)
         if len(err.args) > 1: