PERF: add ._simple_new method to masked arrays

[topper-123]

Add a ._simple_new method to BaseMaskedArray and child classes in order to allow instantiation without validation to get better performance when validation is not needed.

Example:

>>> import pandas as pd
>>> arr = pd.array(np.arange(2), dtype="Int32")
>>> %timeit arr.reshape(-1, 1)
1.4 µs ± 12 ns per loop  # main
544 ns ± 1.87 ns per loop  # this PR

Motivated by performance considerations for #52836.

[topper-123]

Ping @jbrockmendel & @rhshadrach. This is currently contained in #52788 to fix a slowdown I saw when working in that PR, but can be reviewed independently.

[rhshadrach]

lgtm

[rhshadrach]

@topper-123 - just a conflict to resolve

[topper-123]

I got some social obligations, so merging this, so #52788 is rebased and ready, when I'm back...