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190 changes: 72 additions & 118 deletions bin/node-template/README.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
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# Substrate Node Template

[![Try on playground](https://img.shields.io/badge/Playground-Node_Template-brightgreen?logo=Parity%20Substrate)](https://docs.substrate.io/playground/) [![Matrix](https://img.shields.io/matrix/substrate-technical:matrix.org)](https://matrix.to/#/#substrate-technical:matrix.org)
A fresh [Substrate](https://substrate.io/) node, ready for hacking :rocket:

A fresh FRAME-based [Substrate](https://www.substrate.io/) node, ready for hacking :rocket:
The stand-alone version of this template is hosted on the [Substrate Devhub Parachain Template](https://github.com/substrate-developer-hub/substrate-parachain-template/) for each release of Polkadot.
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This is generated directly at each Polkadot release branch form the [Node Template in Substreate](https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/tree/master/bin/node-template) upstream
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## Getting Started

Follow the steps below to get started with the Node Template, or get it up and running right from
your browser in just a few clicks using
the [Substrate Playground](https://docs.substrate.io/playground/) :hammer_and_wrench:

### Using Nix

Install [nix](https://nixos.org/) and optionally [direnv](https://github.com/direnv/direnv) and
[lorri](https://github.com/nix-community/lorri) for a fully plug and play experience for setting up
the development environment. To get all the correct dependencies activate direnv `direnv allow` and
lorri `lorri shell`.

### Rust Setup

First, complete the [basic Rust setup instructions](./docs/rust-setup.md).

### Run
It is usually best to to use the stand-alone version to start a new project.
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All bugs, suggestions, and feature requests should be made upstream to [Substrate](https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/tree/master/bin/node-template).
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Use Rust's native `cargo` command to build and launch the template node:
## Getting Started

```sh
cargo run --release -- --dev
```
There are some dependencies you need to compile this template.
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**The [Substrate install documentation](https://docs.substrate.io/install/) is maintained to ensure you have all you need, please follow instructions there first.**
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Alternatively you may consider to use the [alternative installation](#alternatives-installations) noted below.
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### Build

The `cargo run` command will perform an initial build. Use the following command to build the node
without launching it:
Use the following command to build the node without launching it:

```sh
cargo build --release
```

### Embedded Docs

Once the project has been built, the following command can be used to explore all parameters and
subcommands:
Once the project has been built, the following command can be used to explore all parameters and subcommands:
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```sh
./target/release/node-template -h
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```

## Run
You can generate and view the [Rust Docs](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-doc.html) for this template with this command:

The provided `cargo run` command will launch a temporary node and its state will be discarded after
you terminate the process. After the project has been built, there are other ways to launch the
node.
```sh
cargo +nightly doc --open
```

### Single-Node Development Chain

This command will start the single-node development chain with non-persistent state:
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```bash
```sh
./target/release/node-template --dev
```

Purge the development chain's state:
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```bash
```sh
./target/release/node-template purge-chain --dev
```

Start the development chain with detailed logging:
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```bash
```sh
RUST_BACKTRACE=1 ./target/release/node-template -ldebug --dev
```

> Development chain means that the state of our chain will be in a tmp folder while the nodes are
> running. Also, **alice** account will be authority and sudo account as declared in the
> [genesis state](https://github.com/substrate-developer-hub/substrate-node-template/blob/main/node/src/chain_spec.rs#L49).
> Development chain means that the state of our chain will be in a tmp folder while the nodes are running.
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> Also, the **Alice** account will be authority and `sudo` account as declared in the genesis state (`/node/src/chain_spec.rs`).
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> At the same time the following accounts will be pre-funded:
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>
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> - Alice
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> - Bob
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> - Alice//stash
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> - Bob//stash
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In case of being interested in maintaining the chain' state between runs a base path must be added
so the db can be stored in the provided folder instead of a temporal one. We could use this folder
to store different chain databases, as a different folder will be created per different chain that
is ran. The following commands shows how to use a newly created folder as our db base path.
To persist chain state between runs a base path must be specified:
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```bash
```sh
// Create a folder to use as the db base path
$ mkdir my-chain-state

Expand All @@ -103,23 +84,19 @@ $ ls ./my-chain-state/chains/dev
db keystore network
```

### Connect with Polkadot-JS Apps Front-End

### Connect with Polkadot-JS Apps Front-end

Once the node template is running locally, you can connect it with **Polkadot-JS Apps** front-end
to interact with your chain. [Click
here](https://polkadot.js.org/apps/#/explorer?rpc=ws://localhost:9944) connecting the Apps to your
local node template.
Once the node template is running locally, you can interact with it using the **Polkadot-JS Apps** front-end.
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A hosted version is [available here](https://polkadot.js.org/apps/#/explorer?rpc=ws://localhost:9944) and on [IPFS (redirect) here](https://dotapps.io/) or [IPNS (direct) here](ipns://dotapps.io/?rpc=ws%3A%2F%2F127.0.0.1%3A9944#/explorer) connecting the Apps to your local node template.
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The source and instructions to host your own instance is [available here](https://github.com/polkadot-js/apps).
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### Multi-Node Local Testnet

If you want to see the multi-node consensus algorithm in action, refer to our
[Simulate a network tutorial](https://docs.substrate.io/tutorials/get-started/simulate-network/).
If you want to see the multi-node consensus algorithm in action, refer to our [Simulate a network tutorial](https://docs.substrate.io/tutorials/get-started/simulate-network/).
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## Template Structure

A Substrate project such as this consists of a number of components that are spread across a few
directories.
A Substrate project such as this consists of a number of components that are spread across a few directories.

### Node

Expand All @@ -128,98 +105,75 @@ Substrate-based blockchain nodes expose a number of capabilities:

- Networking: Substrate nodes use the [`libp2p`](https://libp2p.io/) networking stack to allow the
nodes in the network to communicate with one another.
- Consensus: Blockchains must have a way to come to
[consensus](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/fundamentals/consensus/) on the state of the
network. Substrate makes it possible to supply custom consensus engines and also ships with
several consensus mechanisms that have been built on top of
[Web3 Foundation research](https://research.web3.foundation/en/latest/polkadot/NPoS/index.html).
- Consensus: Blockchains must have a way to come to [consensus](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/fundamentals/consensus/) on the state of the network.
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Substrate makes it possible to supply custom consensus engines and also ships with several consensus mechanisms that have been built on top of [Web3 Foundation research](https://research.web3.foundation/en/latest/polkadot/NPoS/index.html).
- RPC Server: A remote procedure call (RPC) server is used to interact with Substrate nodes.

There are several files in the `node` directory - take special note of the following:
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- [`chain_spec.rs`](./node/src/chain_spec.rs): A
[chain specification](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/build/chain-spec/) is a
source code file that defines a Substrate chain's initial (genesis) state. Chain specifications
are useful for development and testing, and critical when architecting the launch of a
production chain. Take note of the `development_config` and `testnet_genesis` functions, which
are used to define the genesis state for the local development chain configuration. These
functions identify some
[well-known accounts](https://docs.substrate.io/reference/command-line-tools/subkey/)
and use them to configure the blockchain's initial state.
- [`service.rs`](./node/src/service.rs): This file defines the node implementation. Take note of
the libraries that this file imports and the names of the functions it invokes. In particular,
there are references to consensus-related topics, such as the
[block finalization and forks](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/fundamentals/consensus/#finalization-and-forks)
and other [consensus mechanisms](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/fundamentals/consensus/#default-consensus-models)
such as Aura for block authoring and GRANDPA for finality.

After the node has been [built](#build), refer to the embedded documentation to learn more about the
capabilities and configuration parameters that it exposes:
- [`chain_spec.rs`](./node/src/chain_spec.rs): A [chain specification](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/build/chain-spec/) is a source code file that defines a Substrate chain's initial (genesis) state.
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Chain specifications are useful for development and testing, and critical when architecting the launch of a production chain.
Take note of the `development_config` and `testnet_genesis` functions, which are used to define the genesis state for the local development chain configuration.
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These functions identify some [well-known accounts](https://docs.substrate.io/reference/command-line-tools/subkey/) and use them to configure the blockchain's initial state.
- [`service.rs`](./node/src/service.rs): This file defines the node implementation.
Take note of the libraries that this file imports and the names of the functions it invokes.
In particular, there are references to consensus-related topics, such as the [block finalization and forks](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/fundamentals/consensus/#finalization-and-forks) and other [consensus mechanisms](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/fundamentals/consensus/#default-consensus-models) such as Aura for block authoring and GRANDPA for finality.
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After the node has been [built](#build), refer to the embedded documentation to learn more about the capabilities and configuration parameters that it exposes:
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```shell
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./target/release/node-template --help
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```
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### Runtime

In Substrate, the terms
"runtime" and "state transition function"
are analogous - they refer to the core logic of the blockchain that is responsible for validating
blocks and executing the state changes they define. The Substrate project in this repository uses
[FRAME](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/fundamentals/runtime-intro/#frame) to construct a
blockchain runtime. FRAME allows runtime developers to declare domain-specific logic in modules
called "pallets". At the heart of FRAME is a helpful
[macro language](https://docs.substrate.io/reference/frame-macros/) that makes it easy to
create pallets and flexibly compose them to create blockchains that can address
[a variety of needs](https://substrate.io/ecosystem/projects/).

Review the [FRAME runtime implementation](./runtime/src/lib.rs) included in this template and note
the following:

- This file configures several pallets to include in the runtime. Each pallet configuration is
defined by a code block that begins with `impl $PALLET_NAME::Config for Runtime`.
- The pallets are composed into a single runtime by way of the
[`construct_runtime!`](https://crates.parity.io/frame_support/macro.construct_runtime.html)
macro, which is part of the core
FRAME Support [system](https://docs.substrate.io/reference/frame-pallets/#system-pallets) library.
In Substrate, the terms "runtime" and "state transition function" are analogous - they refer to the core logic of the blockchain that is responsible for validating blocks and executing the state changes they define.
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The Substrate project in this repository uses [FRAME](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/fundamentals/runtime-intro/#frame) to construct a blockchain runtime.
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FRAME allows runtime developers to declare domain-specific logic in modules called "pallets".
At the heart of FRAME is a helpful [macro language](https://docs.substrate.io/reference/frame-macros/) that makes it easy to create pallets and flexibly compose them to create blockchains that can address [a variety of needs](https://substrate.io/ecosystem/projects/).

Review the [FRAME runtime implementation](./runtime/src/lib.rs) included in this template and note the following:

- This file configures several pallets to include in the runtime.
Each pallet configuration is defined by a code block that begins with `impl $PALLET_NAME::Config for Runtime`.
- The pallets are composed into a single runtime by way of the [`construct_runtime!`](https://crates.parity.io/frame_support/macro.construct_runtime.html) macro, which is part of the core FRAME Support [system](https://docs.substrate.io/reference/frame-pallets/#system-pallets) library.

### Pallets

The runtime in this project is constructed using many FRAME pallets that ship with the
[core Substrate repository](https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/tree/master/frame) and a
template pallet that is [defined in the `pallets`](./pallets/template/src/lib.rs) directory.
The runtime in this project is constructed using many FRAME pallets that ship with the [core Substrate repository](https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/tree/master/frame) and a template pallet that is [defined in the `pallets`](./pallets/template/src/lib.rs) directory.

A FRAME pallet is compromised of a number of blockchain primitives:

- Storage: FRAME defines a rich set of powerful
[storage abstractions](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/build/runtime-storage/) that makes
it easy to use Substrate's efficient key-value database to manage the evolving state of a
blockchain.
- Dispatchables: FRAME pallets define special types of functions that can be invoked (dispatched)
from outside of the runtime in order to update its state.
- Events: Substrate uses [events and errors](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/build/events-errors/)
to notify users of important changes in the runtime.
- Storage: FRAME defines a rich set of powerful [storage abstractions](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/build/runtime-storage/) that makes it easy to use Substrate's efficient key-value database to manage the evolving state of a blockchain.
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- Dispatchables: FRAME pallets define special types of functions that can be invoked (dispatched) from outside of the runtime in order to update its state.
- Events: Substrate uses [events and errors](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/build/events-errors/) to notify users of important changes in the runtime.
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- Errors: When a dispatchable fails, it returns an error.
- Config: The `Config` configuration interface is used to define the types and parameters upon
which a FRAME pallet depends.
- Config: The `Config` configuration interface is used to define the types and parameters upon which a FRAME pallet depends.

### Run in Docker
## Alternatives Installations

First, install [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/) and
[Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/).
Instead of installing dependencies and building this source directly, you may consider other options provided in this template.
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### Nix

Install [nix](https://nixos.org/), and optionally [direnv](https://github.com/direnv/direnv) as well as [lorri](https://github.com/nix-community/lorri) for a fully plug and play experience for setting up the development environment.
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To get all the correct dependencies activate direnv `direnv allow` and lorri `lorri shell`.
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### Docker

First, install [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/) and [Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/).

Then run the following command to start a single node development chain.

```bash
```sh
./scripts/docker_run.sh
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if i run clone the substrate repo, and check out this branch 'ds/template-readme', and then as root user i run ./bin/node-template/scripts/docker_run.sh it outputs -bash: ./bin/node-template/scripts/docker_run.sh: Permission denied. if i run
the following first chmod +x ./bin/node-template/scripts/docker_run.sh then i'm able to run that script.

if i then run git ls-tree -r HEAD, it outputs the following 100644 blob 0bac44b4cfb3b61959bc65ae6de72c22fade7ff4 bin/node-template/scripts/docker_run.sh.

so to change its permissions to 755 i think we should run chmod +x ./bin/node-template/scripts/docker_run.sh and then commit that change to this PR?

```

This command will firstly compile your code, and then start a local development network. You can
also replace the default command
(`cargo build --release && ./target/release/node-template --dev --ws-external`)
by appending your own. A few useful ones are as follow.
This command will firstly compile your code, and then start a local development network.
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You can also replace the default command (`cargo build --release && ./target/release/node-template --dev --ws-external`) by appending your own.
A few useful ones are as follow.
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```bash
```sh
# Run Substrate node without re-compiling
./scripts/docker_run.sh ./target/release/node-template --dev --ws-external

Expand Down