This gem provides Ruby bindings for the Proj Library (proj.org). The Proj Library supports converting coordinates between a number of different coordinate systems and projections.
Besides this readme file, reference documentation is available at rubydoc.info/github/cfis/proj4rb.
First install the gem in the usual manner:
gem install proj4rb
Next install the Proj Library. This of course varies per system, but you want to install the latest version Proj possible. Once installed, you’ll need to make sure that libproj is installed on your operating system’s load path.
To get started first require the gem:
require 'proj'
If you are using the old Proj4 namespace, then you can do this:
require 'proj4'
If you are using Proj 6, or newer, create a coordinate system. To create a coordinate system, you can use CRS codes, well-known text (WKT) strings or old-style Proj4 strings (which are deprecated).
crs1 = Proj::Crs.new('EPSG:4326') crs2 = Proj::Crs.new('urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326') crs3 = Proj::Crs.new('+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +no_defs +type=crs') crs4 = Proj::Crs.new(<<~EOS) GEOGCRS["WGS 84", DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984", ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563, LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]], PRIMEM["Greenwich",0, ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], CS[ellipsoidal,2], AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north, ORDER[1], ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east, ORDER[2], ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]], USAGE[ SCOPE["unknown"], AREA["World"], BBOX[-90,-180,90,180]], ID["EPSG",4326]] EOS
Notice when using the old-style Proj4 string, the addition of the “+type=crs” value.
If you are using Proj 5, then you should create a transformation using epsg strings (see below). If you are using Proj 4, you need to use the deprecated Projection class (see documentation).
After you have created two coordinate systems, you can then create a transformation. For example, if you want to convert coordinates from the “3-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 3” coordinate system to WGS84 (one version of lat-long) first create a transformation:
crs_gk = Proj::Crs.new('epsg:31467') crs_wgs84 = Proj::Crs.new('epsg:4326') transform = Proj::Transformation.new(crs_gk, crs_wgs84)
Alternatively, or if you are using Proj 5, you can create a transformation without first creating Crs instances. Instead, pass the EPSG information directly to the transformation:
transform = Proj::Transformation.new('epsg:31467', 'epsg:4326')
Once you’ve created the transformation, you can tranform coordinates using either the forward or inverse methods. The forward transformation looks like this:
from = Proj::Coordinate.new(x: 5428192.0, y: 3458305.0, z: -5.1790915237) to = transform.forward(from) assert_in_delta(48.98963932450735, to.x, 0.01) assert_in_delta(8.429263044355544, to.y, 0.01) assert_in_delta(-5.1790915237, to.z, 0.01) assert_in_delta(0, to.t, 0.01)
While the inverse transformation looks like this:
from = Proj::Coordinate.new(lam: 48.9906726079, phi: 8.4302123334) to = transform.inverse(from) assert_in_delta(5428306.389495558, to.x, 0.01) assert_in_delta(3458375.3367194114, to.y, 0.01) assert_in_delta(0, to.z, 0.01) assert_in_delta(0, to.t, 0.01)
Notice the examples above transform Coordinate objects. A Coordinate consists of up to four double values to represent three directions plus time. In general you will need to fill out at least the first two values:
from = Proj::Coordinate.new(x: 5428192.0, y: 3458305.0, z: -5.1790915237) from = Proj::Coordinate.new(lam: 48.9906726079, phi: 8.4302123334)
Lam is longitude and phi is latitude.
Contexts are used to support multi-threaded programs. The bindings expose this object via Context.current and store it using thread local storage. Use the context object to access error codes, set proj4 compatability settings, set the logging level and to install custom logging code.
Both Crs and Transformation objects take a context object in their constructors. If none is passed, they default to using Context.current
If you are using Proj 4, then instead of using Coordinates, Crses and Tranformations you need to us Points and Projections. Those are deprecated classes but will continue to work with Proj version 7 and older. Please refer to the documentation for more information.
When an error occurs, a Proj::Error instance will be thrown with the underlying message provided from the Proj library.
Starting with version 6, Proj stores its information (datums, ellipsoids, prime meridians, coordinate systems, units, etc) in a sqlite file called proj.db. If Proj cannot find its database, then the Ruby bindings will search for it in some well-known locations. Failing that, the Ruby bindings will raise an exception. In this case, set the environmental variable PROJ_LIB to point at the folder that contains the proj.db file. Note PROJ_LIB must be set by whatever launches your Ruby program. The Ruby program itself cannot set this variable and have it work correctly (at least not on windows).
Proj versions 5 and 6 are very different than Proj version 4. Changes are documented at proj.org/development/migration.html. Note that the gem should gracefully degrade (as in newer functionality stops working but older functionality keeps working) depending on the version of Proj you are using.
To ensure backwards compatiblity, the Ruby bindings still include the older Point and Projection classes. However, these classes are no longer documented in this Readme because the underlying API they rely on was removed in Proj 8. So please port your code! But take note of the changes in Proj 6 described below.
Proj 5 introduced the Coordinate, Crs and Tranformation APIs. However, it wasn’t until Proj 6 that additional metadata APIs were added, so the amount of information about each object is somewhat limited in Proj 5.
Proj 6 makes a big change compared to previous releases that is not well documented (see github.com/OSGeo/PROJ/pull/1182). When creating tranformations with EPSG values Proj 6 will assume EPSG axis order and units (typically lat-long degree for geodetic CRS). First, this means that lat-long should usually be specified in degrees and not radians (breaking change one). Second, the axis order is likely different than what your previous code assumed (breaking change two). Note if creating transformations with the deprecated “+init=epsg:XXXX” values, Proj 6 will assume the traditional axis order and units (long-lat radians for geodetic CRS).
Bottom line - when porting your code to the new Proj 6 APIs generally:
-
Use degrees, not radians
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Swap the order of the lat and long values
Proj4rb ships with a full test suite designed to work using Proj 6. If you are using an earlier version of Proj, then expect many test failures.
Proj4rb is released under the MIT license.
The proj4rb Ruby bindings were started by Guilhem Vellut with most of the code written by Jochen Topf. Charlie Savage ported the code to Windows and added the Windows build infrastructure. Later, he rewrote the code to support Proj version 5 and 6 and ported it to use FFI.